An elbow fracture is a break in one or more of the bones that make up the elbow joint. The bones in the elbow joint are:

• Humerus—the upper arm bone
• Ulna—the larger of the forearm (lower arm) bones
• Radius—the smaller bone in the forearm

This is caused by trauma to the elbow bones. Trauma can be caused by:

• Falling on an outstretched arm
• Falling directly on the elbow
• Experiencing a direct blow to the elbow
• Twisting the elbow beyond the normal range of motion

These factors increase your chance of developing an elbow fracture. Tell your doctor if you have any of these risk factors:

• Advancing age
• Decreased muscle mass
• Osteoporosis (due to menopause or other conditions)
• Playing certain sports (eg, football, hockey, wrestling, gymnastics)

Symptoms include:

• Pain, often severe
• Tenderness, swelling, and bruising around the elbow
• Numbness in fingers, hand, or forearm
• Decreased range of motion
• A lump or visible deformity over the fracture site

The doctor will ask about your symptoms, physical activity, and how the injury occurred. The area will be examined.

Tests may include:

• X-rays —a test that uses radiation to take a picture of structures inside the body, especially bones; used to look for a break in the elbow area
• CT scan —a test that uses computers to make pictures of structures inside the elbow; used to look at the cartilage and tendons around the elbow

Treatment depends on how severe the injury is. Treatment involves:

• Putting the pieces of the bone back in position, which may require anesthesia and/or surgery
• Keeping the pieces together while the bone heals

These devices may be used to hold the bone in place while it heals:

• A cast or splint (may be used with or without surgery)
• A metal plate with screws (requires surgery)
• Screws alone (requires surgery)

Depending on the level of pain, your doctor may prescribe medication.

More x-rays will be done to be sure the bones have not shifted.

• Start range-of-motion and strengthening exercises.—Your doctor will tell you when you are ready to start exercising. You may be referred to a physical therapist.
• Do not return to sports until you are completely healed.

It takes about 8-10 weeks for a fractured elbow to heal.