Chronic heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome characterized by the inability of the heart to provide adequate blood supply to meet the metabolic demand of different tissues or to be able to do so only at the expense of elevated left ventricle filling pressure. HF...

HF is a clinical syndrome marked by impaired cardiac contractility and is a final pathway for many diseases that affect the heart. HF affects over 26 million people worldwide, with more than 3.5 million people newly diagnosed every year. While several pharmacological an...