Cyclothymic disorder
Cyclothymia; Mood disorder - cyclothymia
Cyclothymic disorder is a mental disorder. It is a mild form of bipolar disorder (manic depressive illness), in which a person has mood swings over a period of years that go from mild depression to emotional highs.
Causes
The causes of cyclothymic disorder are unknown. Major depression, bipolar disorder, and cyclothymia often occur together in families. This suggests that these mood disorders share similar causes.
Cyclothymia usually begins early in life. Men and women are equally affected.
Symptoms
Symptoms may include any of the following:
- Periods (episodes) of extreme happiness and high activity or energy (hypomanic symptoms), or low mood, activity, or energy (depressive symptoms) for at least 2 years (1 or more years in children and adolescents).
- These mood swings are less severe than with bipolar disorder or major depression.
- Ongoing symptoms, with no more than 2 symptom-free months in a row.
Exams and Tests
The diagnosis is usually based on your mood history. Your health care provider may order blood and urine tests to check for medical causes of mood swings.
Treatment
Treatments for this disorder include mood-stabilizing medicine, antidepressants, talk therapy, or some combination of these three treatments.
Some of the more commonly used mood stabilizers are lithium and antiseizure medicines.
Compared with bipolar disorder, some people with cyclothymia may not respond as well to medicines.
Support Groups
You can ease the stress of living with cyclothymic disorder by joining a support group whose members share common experiences and problems.
Outlook (Prognosis)
Less than one half of people with cyclothymic disorder go on to develop bipolar disorder. In other people, cyclothymia continues as a chronic condition or disappears with time.
Possible Complications
The condition can progress to bipolar disorder.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Contact a mental health professional if you or a loved one has alternating periods of depression and excitement that do not go away and that affect work, school, or social life.
If you or someone you know is thinking about suicide, call or text 988 or chat
You can also call 911 or the local emergency number or go to the hospital emergency room. DO NOT delay.
If someone you know has attempted suicide, call 911 or the local emergency number right away. DO NOT leave the person alone, even after you have called for help.
References
American Psychiatric Association website. Cyclothymic disorder. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition,Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2022.
Fava M, Mischoulon D, Cassano P, Papakostas GI, Stem TA. Depressive disorders. In: Stern TA, Wilens TE, Fava M, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 28.
Version Info
Last reviewed on: 7/17/2024
Reviewed by: Fred K. Berger, MD, addiction and forensic psychiatrist, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
