Orthopedics
Orthopedics is the diagnosis and treatment of muscle, bone, and joint conditions. Orthopaedists handle sports injuries, deal with spine abnormalities, and perform partial and total joint replacements, among other issues.
Learn more about orthopaedics at the Mount Sinai Health System
Diseases & Conditions
Achilles tendinitis
Achilles tendinitis occurs when the tendon that connects the back of your leg to your heel becomes swollen and painful near the bottom of the foot. This tendon is called the Achilles tendon. It allows you...
Diseases & Conditions
Ankle arthroscopy
Ankle arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera and surgical tools to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your ankle. The camera is called an arthroscope. The procedure allows your surgeon...
Diseases & Conditions
Anterior knee pain
Anterior knee pain is pain that occurs at the front and center of the knee. It can be caused by many different problems, including: Chondromalacia of the patella -- the softening and breakdown of the tissue...
Diseases & Conditions
Axillary nerve dysfunction
Axillary nerve dysfunction is nerve damage that can lead to a loss of movement or sensation in the shoulder.
Diseases & Conditions
Baker cyst
Baker cyst is a buildup of joint fluid (synovial fluid) that forms a swelling behind the knee.
Diseases & Conditions
Blount disease
Blount disease is a growth disorder of the shin bone (tibia) in which the lower leg turns inward, making it look like a bowleg.
Diseases & Conditions
Bone tumor
A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within a bone. A bone tumor may be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). tumor benign
Diseases & Conditions
Bowlegs
Bowlegs is a condition in which the knees stay wide apart when a person stands with the feet and ankles together. It is considered normal in children under 18 months.
Diseases & Conditions
Bunions
A bunion forms when your big toe points outward toward your second toe. This causes a bump to appear on the inside edge of your toe.
Diseases & Conditions
Bursitis
Bursitis is the swelling and irritation of a bursa. A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between muscles, tendons, and bones.
Diseases & Conditions
Bursitis of the heel
Bursitis of the heel is swelling of the fluid-filled sac (bursa) at the back of the heel bone.
Diseases & Conditions
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which there is excessive pressure on the median nerve at the wrist. This is the nerve that allows feeling and movement to parts of the hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome...
Diseases & Conditions
Cervical spondylosis
Cervical spondylosis is a disorder in which there is wear on the cartilage (disks) and bones of the neck (cervical vertebrae). It is a common cause of chronic neck pain.
Diseases & Conditions
Charcot foot
Charcot foot is a condition that affects the bones, joints, and soft tissue in the feet and ankles. It can develop as a result of nerve damage in the feet due to diabetes or other nerve injuries.
Diseases & Conditions
Charley horse
A charley horse is the common name for a muscle spasm or cramp. Muscle spasms can occur in any muscle in the body, but often happen in the leg. When a muscle is in spasm, it contracts without your control...
Diseases & Conditions
Clubfoot
Clubfoot is a condition that involves both the foot and lower leg in which the foot turns inward and downward. It is a congenital condition, which means it is present at birth.
Diseases & Conditions
Common peroneal nerve dysfunction
Common peroneal nerve dysfunction is due to damage to the peroneal nerve leading to loss of movement or sensation in the foot and leg. This condition is also called common fibular nerve dysfunction.
Diseases & Conditions
Compartment syndrome
Acute compartment syndrome is a serious condition that involves increased pressure in a muscle compartment. It can lead to muscle and nerve damage and problems with blood flow.
Diseases & Conditions
Complex regional pain syndrome
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a long-term (chronic) pain condition that can affect any area of the body, but often affects an arm or a leg. chronic
Diseases & Conditions
Compression fractures of the back
Compression fractures of the back are broken vertebrae. Vertebrae are the bones of the spine.
Diseases & Conditions
Corns and calluses
Corns and calluses are thick layers of skin. They are caused by repeated pressure or friction at the spot where the corn or callus develops.
Diseases & Conditions
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a dislocation of the hip joint that is present at birth. The condition is found in babies or young children.
Diseases & Conditions
Diskitis
Diskitis is swelling (inflammation) and irritation of the space between the bones of the spine (intervertebral disk space).
Diseases & Conditions
Dupuytren contracture
Dupuytren contracture is a painless thickening and tightening (contracture) of tissue beneath the skin on the palm and fingers.
Diseases & Conditions
Ewing sarcoma
Ewing sarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that forms in the bone or soft tissue around it. It affects mostly teens and young adults. bone tumor
Diseases & Conditions
Flat feet
Flat feet (pes planus) refer to a change in foot shape in which the foot does not have a normal arch when standing.
Diseases & Conditions
Frozen shoulder
Frozen shoulder is a condition in which the shoulder is painful and loses motion because of inflammation.
Diseases & Conditions
Fungal arthritis
Fungal arthritis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of a joint by a fungal infection. It is also called mycotic arthritis. swelling
Diseases & Conditions
Hammer toe
Hammer toe is a deformity of the toe. The end of the toe is bent downward.
Diseases & Conditions
Herniated disk
A herniated (slipped) disk occurs when all or part of a disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk. This may place pressure on nearby nerves or the spinal cord.
Diseases & Conditions
High arch
High arch is a foot arch that is raised more than normal. The arch runs from the toes to the heel on the bottom of the foot. It is also called pes cavus. High arch is the opposite of flat feet. flat feet
Diseases & Conditions
Knock knees
Knock knees are condition in which the knees touch, but the ankles do not touch. The legs turn inward.
Diseases & Conditions
Kyphosis
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back. This leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.
Diseases & Conditions
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease occurs when the ball of the thigh bone in the hip does not get enough blood, causing the bone to die.
Diseases & Conditions
Low back pain - acute
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. Acute back pain can last for a few...
Diseases & Conditions
Low back pain - chronic
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. Low back pain that is long-term is...
Diseases & Conditions
Medial epicondylitis - golfer's elbow
Medial epicondylitis is soreness or pain on the inside of the lower arm near the elbow. It is commonly called golfer's elbow.
Diseases & Conditions
Metatarsus adductus
Metatarsus adductus is a foot deformity. The bones in the front half of the foot bend or turn in toward the side of the big toe.
Diseases & Conditions
Morton neuroma
Morton neuroma is an injury to the nerve between the toes that causes thickening and pain. It commonly affects the nerve that travels between the 3rd and 4th toes.
Diseases & Conditions
Nursemaid's elbow
Nursemaid's elbow is a dislocation of a bone in the elbow called the radius. Dislocation means the bone slips out of its normal position. dislocation The injury is also called radial head dislocation.
Diseases & Conditions
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Osgood-Schlatter disease is a painful swelling of the bump on the upper part of the shinbone, just below the knee. This bump is called the anterior tibial tubercle.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder. It is due to aging and wear and tear on a joint.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is a bone infection. It is caused by bacteria or other germs.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteomyelitis in children
Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused by bacteria or other germs.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis is bone death caused by poor blood supply. It is most common in the hip and shoulder but can affect other large joints such as the knee, elbow, wrist, and ankle.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is a very rare type of cancerous bone tumor that usually develops in teenagers and young adults. It often occurs when a teen is growing rapidly. bone tumor
Diseases & Conditions
Plantar fasciitis
The plantar fascia is the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot. It connects the heel bone to the toes and creates the arch of the foot. When this tissue becomes swollen or inflamed, it is called plantar...
Diseases & Conditions
Radial nerve dysfunction
Radial nerve dysfunction is a problem with the radial nerve. This is the nerve that travels from the armpit down the back of the arm to the hand. It helps you move your arm, wrist, and hand.
Diseases & Conditions
Rotator cuff problems
The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that attach to the bones of the shoulder joint, allowing the shoulder to move and keep it stable. Rotator cuff tendinitis refers to irritation of these...
Diseases & Conditions
Sciatica
Sciatica refers to pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg. It is caused by injury to or pressure on the sciatic nerve. Sciatica is a symptom of a medical problem. It is not a medical condition...
Diseases & Conditions
Scoliosis
Scoliosis is an abnormal curving of the spine. Your spine is your backbone. It runs straight down your back. Everyone's spine naturally curves a bit. But people with scoliosis have a spine that curves too...
Diseases & Conditions
Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is inflammation of a joint due to a bacterial or fungal infection. Septic arthritis that is due to the bacteria that cause gonorrhea, has different symptoms and is called gonococcal arthritis...
Diseases & Conditions
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
A slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a separation of the ball of the hip joint from the thigh bone (femur) at the upper growing end (growth plate) of the bone.
Diseases & Conditions
Slipping rib syndrome
Slipping rib syndrome refers to pain in your lower chest or upper abdomen which may be present when your lower ribs move a little more than normal. Your ribs are the bones in your chest that wrap around...
Diseases & Conditions
Spinal stenosis
Spinal stenosis is narrowing of the spinal column that causes pressure on the spinal cord, or narrowing of the openings (called neural foramina) where spinal nerves leave the spinal column.
Diseases & Conditions
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which a bone (vertebra) in the spine moves forward out of the proper position onto the bone below it.
Diseases & Conditions
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which the tibial nerve is being compressed. This is the nerve in the ankle that allows feeling and movement to parts of the foot. Tarsal tunnel syndrome can lead...
Diseases & Conditions
Tendinitis
Tendons are the fibrous structures that join muscles to bones. When these tendons become swollen or inflamed, it is called tendinitis. In many cases, tendinosis (tendon degeneration) is also present.
Diseases & Conditions
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow is soreness or pain on the outside (lateral) side of the upper arm near the elbow.
Diseases & Conditions
Tenosynovitis
Tenosynovitis is inflammation of the lining of the sheath that surrounds a tendon (the cord that joins muscle to bone).
Diseases & Conditions
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome is a rare condition that involves: Pain in the neck and shoulderNumbness and tingling of the fingersA weak grip Swelling of the affected limbColdness of the affected limb Pain in...
Diseases & Conditions
Toxic synovitis
Toxic synovitis is a condition affecting children that causes hip pain and limping. hip pain
Diseases & Conditions
Ulnar nerve dysfunction
Ulnar nerve dysfunction is a problem with one of the nerves that travel from the shoulder to the hand, called the ulnar nerve. It helps you move your arm, wrist, and hand.
Diseases & Conditions
Viral arthritis
Viral arthritis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of a joint caused by a viral infection. swelling
Diseases & Conditions
Volkmann contracture
Volkmann contracture is a deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist caused by injury to the muscles of the forearm. The condition is also called Volkmann ischemic contracture.
Special Topics
Alternative medicine - pain relief
Alternative medicine for pain relief refers to treatments that are used instead of conventional (standard) ones. Typically, they are low- or no-risk treatments. If you use an alternative treatment along...
Special Topics
Back pain - when you see the doctor
When you first see your health care provider for back pain, you will be asked about your back pain, including how often and when it occurs and how severe it is. Your provider will try to determine the cause...
Special Topics
Biofeedback
Biofeedback is a technique that measures bodily functions and gives you information about them in order to help train you to control them.
Special Topics
Calcium and bones
Special Topics
Epidural block - pregnancy
Delivery - epidural; Labor - epidural
Special Topics
Excessive carrying angle of the elbow
Special Topics
Flat bones
Flat bones are made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. They have a flat shape, not rounded. Examples include the skull and rib bones. Flat bones have marrow, but they...
Special Topics
How to choose the best hospital for surgery
The quality of the health care you receive depends on many things besides the skill of your surgeon. Many health care providers at a hospital will be directly involved in your care before, during, and after...
Special Topics
Lateral traction
Lateral traction is a treatment technique in which weight or tension is used to move a body part to the side or away from its original location.
Special Topics
Long bones
Long bones are hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure, and mobility. The thigh bone (femur) is a long bone. A long bone has a shaft and two ends. Some bones in the fingers are classified as...
Special Topics
MRI and low back pain
Back pain and sciatica are common health complaints. Almost everyone has back pain at some time in their life. Most of the time, the exact cause of the pain can't be found. Back pain sciatica An MRI scan...
Special Topics
Medicines for back pain
Acute back pain often goes away on its own over several weeks. In some people, back pain persists. It may not go away completely or it may get more painful at times. Medicines can help with your back pain...
Special Topics
Muscle strain treatment
Question: How do you treat a muscle strain? muscle strain Answer: Rest the strained muscle and apply ice for the first few days after the injury. Anti-inflammatory medicines such as ibuprofen, naproxen...
Special Topics
Orthopedic services
Orthopedics, or orthopedic services, aim at the treatment of the musculoskeletal system. This includes your bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
Special Topics
Over-the-counter pain relievers
Over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers can help relieve pain or lower a fever. Over-the-counter means you can buy these medicines without a prescription. The most common types of OTC pain medicines are acetaminophen...
Special Topics
Periosteum
The periosteum is a fibrous sheath that covers bones. It contains the blood vessels and nerves that provide nourishment and sensation to the bone. The periosteum tends to be thicker in younger people. The...
Special Topics
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genes affect the way medicines work in a person. Your health care provider can use the information from pharmacogenetic testing to prescribe medicines that will work...
Special Topics
Scoliosis - resources
Special Topics
Short bones
Short bones in the human body are often cube-like, their length, width, and height are all about the same. Short bones include the carpal bones of the hands that allow movement of the wrist, and the tarsal...
Special Topics
Taking care of your back at home
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. There are many things you can do...
Special Topics
Tibia
The tibia is the larger of two long bones in the lower leg. It is sometimes called the shin bone.
Special Topics
Traction
Traction means pulling on part of the body. Most often, traction uses devices such as weights and pulleys to put tension on a displaced bone or joint, such as a dislocated shoulder. The tension helps put...
Surgery
ACL reconstruction
ACL reconstruction is surgery to reconstruct the ligament in the center of your knee. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) connects your shin bone (tibia) to your thigh bone (femur). A tear of this ligament...
Surgery
Achilles tendon repair
Your Achilles tendon joins your calf muscle to your heel. You can tear your Achilles tendon if you land hard on your heel during sports, from a jump, accelerating when you are pushing off, or when stepping...
Surgery
Ankle replacement
Ankle replacement is surgery to replace the damaged bone and cartilage in the ankle joint. Artificial joint parts (prosthetics) are used to replace your own bones. There are different types of ankle replacement...
Surgery
Bone graft
A bone graft is surgery to place new bone or bone substitutes into spaces around a broken bone or bone defects. broken bone
Surgery
Bunion removal
Bunion removal is surgery to treat deformed bones of the big toe and foot. A bunion occurs when the big toe points outward toward the second toe, forming a bump on the inner side of the foot. Bunion
Surgery
Carpal tunnel release
Carpal tunnel release is surgery to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome is pain and weakness in the hand that is caused by pressure on the median nerve in the wrist. carpal tunnel syndrome
Surgery
Cirugía del dedo del pie en martillo
Un dedo del pie en martillo es un dedo que se queda en una posición curva o flexionada. Esto puede ocurrir en más de un dedo del pie. Esta afección es causada por: Desequilibrio muscularArtritis reumatoideaZapatos...
Surgery
Clubfoot repair
Clubfoot repair is surgery to correct a birth defect of the foot and ankle. Clubfoot
Surgery
Disk replacement - lumbar spine
Lumbar spine disk replacement is surgery of the lower back (lumbar) area. It is done to treat spinal stenosis or disk problems and allow normal movement of the backbone. Spinal stenosis is present when...
Surgery
Diskectomy
Diskectomy is surgery to remove all or part of the cushion that helps support part of your spinal column. These cushions are called disks, and they separate your spinal bones (vertebrae).
Surgery
Elbow replacement
Elbow replacement is surgery to replace the elbow joint with artificial joint parts (prosthetics). prosthetics
Surgery
Epidural injections for back pain
An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is the delivery of powerful anti-inflammatory medicine directly into the space outside of the sac of fluid around your spinal cord. This area is called the epidural space...
Surgery
Estimulación de la médula espinal
La estimulación de la médula espinal (EME) es un tratamiento para el dolor que usa una corriente eléctrica suave para bloquear los impulsos nerviosos en la columna.
Surgery
Foraminotomy
Foraminotomy is surgery that widens the opening in your spine where nerve roots leave your spinal canal. You may have a narrowing of the nerve opening (foraminal stenosis).
Surgery
Hammer toe repair
A hammer toe is a toe that stays in a curled or flexed position. This can occur in more than one toe. This condition is caused by: Muscle imbalanceRheumatoid arthritisShoes that do not fit well Muscle imbalance...
Surgery
Hardware removal - extremity
Surgeons use hardware such as pins, plates, or screws to help fix a broken bone, torn tendon, or to correct an abnormality in a bone. Most often, this involves bones of the legs, arms, or spine. Later,...
Surgery
Hip arthroscopy
Hip arthroscopy is surgery that is done by making small cuts around your hip and looking inside using a tiny camera. Other medical instruments may also be inserted to examine or treat your hip joint.
Surgery
Hip fracture surgery
Hip fracture surgery is done to repair a break in the upper part of the thigh bone. The thigh bone is called the femur. It is part of the hip joint. Hip pain is a related topic. Hip pain
Surgery
Hip joint injection
A hip joint injection is a shot of medicine into the hip joint. The medicine can help relieve pain and inflammation. It can also help diagnose the source of hip pain.
Surgery
Hip joint replacement
Hip joint replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with a man-made joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. prosthesis
Surgery
Knee arthroscopy
Knee arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera to look inside your knee. Small cuts are made to insert the camera and small surgical tools into your knee for the procedure.
Surgery
Knee joint replacement
Knee joint replacement is a surgery to replace a knee joint with a man-made artificial joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. prosthesis
Surgery
Knee microfracture surgery
Knee microfracture surgery is a common procedure used to repair damaged knee cartilage. Cartilage helps cushion and cover the area where bones meet in the joints.
Surgery
Kyphoplasty
Kyphoplasty is used to treat painful compression fractures in the spine. In a compression fracture, all or part of a spine bone collapses. compression fractures The procedure is also called balloon kyphoplasty...
Surgery
Laminectomy
Laminectomy is surgery to remove the lamina. This is part of the bone that makes up a vertebra in the spine. Laminectomy may also be done to remove bone spurs or a herniated (slipped) disk in your spine...
Surgery
Leg lengthening and shortening
Leg lengthening and shortening are types of surgery to treat some people who have legs of unequal lengths. These procedures may: Lengthen an abnormally short legShorten an abnormally long legLimit growth...
Surgery
Leg or foot amputation
Leg or foot amputation is the removal of a leg, foot or toes from the body. These body parts are called extremities. Amputations are done either by surgery or they occur by accident or trauma to the body...
Surgery
Meniscal allograft transplantation
Meniscal allograft transplantation is surgery in which a meniscus -- a c-shaped cartilage in the knee -- is placed into your knee. The new meniscus is taken from a person who has died (cadaver) and donated...
Surgery
Minimally invasive hip replacement
Minimally invasive hip replacement is a technique used to perform hip replacement surgeries. It uses a smaller surgical cut. Also, fewer muscles around the hip are cut or detached.
Surgery
Osteotomy of the knee
Osteotomy of the knee is surgery that involves making a cut in one of the bones in your lower leg. This can be done to relieve symptoms of arthritis by realigning your leg.
Surgery
Partial knee replacement
A partial knee replacement is surgery to replace only one part of a damaged knee. It can replace either the inside (medial) part, the outside (lateral) part, or the kneecap part of the knee. Surgery to...
Surgery
Repair of webbed fingers or toes
Repair of webbed fingers or toes is surgery to fix webbing of the toes, fingers, or both. The middle and ring fingers or the second and third toes are most often affected. Most often this surgery is done...
Surgery
Replantation of digits
Replantation of digits is surgery to reattach fingers or toes that have been cut off (amputated).
Surgery
Reverse total shoulder replacement
Reverse total shoulder replacement is surgery to replace the damaged parts of the shoulder joint with artificial parts. This type of surgery may be used for people who cannot have regular shoulder replacement...
Surgery
Rotator cuff repair
Rotator cuff repair is surgery to repair a torn tendon in the shoulder. The procedure can be done with a large (open) incision or with shoulder arthroscopy, which uses smaller incisions. shoulder arthroscopy
Surgery
Scoliosis surgery in children
Scoliosis surgery repairs abnormal curving of the spine (scoliosis). The goal is to safely straighten your child's spine and align your child's shoulders and hips to correct your child's back problem. scoliosis
Surgery
Shoulder arthroscopy
Shoulder arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera called an arthroscope to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your shoulder joint. The arthroscope is inserted through a small cut (incision...
Surgery
Shoulder replacement
Shoulder replacement is surgery to replace the bones of the shoulder joint with artificial joint parts.
Surgery
Spinal cord stimulation
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a treatment for pain that uses a mild electric current to block nerve impulses in the spine.
Surgery
Spinal fusion
Spinal fusion is surgery to permanently join together two or more bones in the spine so there is no movement between them. These bones are called vertebrae.
Surgery
Steroid injections - tendon, bursa, joint
A steroid injection is a shot of medicine used to relieve a swollen or inflamed area that is often painful. It can be injected into a joint, tendon, or bursa.
Surgery
Tendon repair
Tendon repair is surgery to repair damaged or torn tendons.
Surgery
Tennis elbow surgery
Tennis elbow is caused by doing the same repetitive and forceful arm movements many times. It creates small, painful tears in the tendons in your elbow. Tennis elbow This injury can be caused by tennis...
Surgery
Total hip joint replacement - revision
Hip joint replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with a man-made joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. Over time some or all parts of a prosthesis may wear out due...
Surgery
Total knee joint replacement - revision
Knee joint replacement is a surgery to replace a knee joint with a man-made artificial joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. However, over time some or all parts of a prosthesis may wear out...
Surgery
Vertebroplasty
Vertebroplasty is often an outpatient procedure used to treat painful compression fractures in the spine. In a compression fracture, all or part of a spine bone collapses.
Surgery
Wrist arthroscopy
Wrist arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera and surgical tools to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your wrist. The camera is called an arthroscope. The procedure allows your surgeon...
Tests
Arm CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the arm is an imaging method that uses x-rays to make cross-sectional pictures of the arm.
Tests
Arm MRI scan
An arm MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses strong magnets to create pictures of the upper and lower arm. This may include the elbow, wrist, hands, fingers, and the surrounding muscles and other tissues...
Tests
Bone lesion biopsy
A bone lesion biopsy is the removal of a piece of bone or bone marrow for examination.
Tests
Bone x-ray
A bone x-ray is an imaging test to look at the bones. x-ray
Tests
Carpal tunnel biopsy
Carpal tunnel biopsy is a test in which a small piece of tissue is removed from the carpal tunnel (part of the wrist).
Tests
Cervical MRI scan
A cervical MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the part of the spine that runs through the neck area (cervical spine). MRI does not use radiation...
Tests
Cervical spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the cervical spine makes cross-sectional pictures of the neck. It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Extremity x-ray
An extremity x-ray is an image of the hands, wrist, feet, ankle, leg, thigh, forearm humerus or upper arm, hip, shoulder or all of these areas. The term "extremity" often refers to a human limb. x-ray X...
Tests
Hand x-ray
This test is an x-ray of one or both hands. x-ray
Tests
Joint fluid Gram stain
Joint fluid Gram stain is a laboratory test to identify bacteria in a sample of joint fluid using a special series of stains (colors). The Gram stain method is one of the most commonly used methods to rapidly...
Tests
Joint fluid culture
Joint fluid culture is a laboratory test to detect infection-causing germs in a sample of fluid surrounding a joint.
Tests
Joint x-ray
This test is an x-ray of a knee, shoulder, hip, wrist, ankle, or other joint.
Tests
Knee CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the knee is a test that uses x-rays to take detailed images of the knee.
Tests
Knee MRI scan
A knee MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the knee joint and muscles and tissues. An MRI does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images are called...
Tests
Leg CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the leg makes cross-sectional pictures of the leg. It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Leg MRI scan
A leg MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan of the leg uses strong magnets to create pictures of the leg. This may include the ankle, foot, and surrounding tissues. A leg MRI also creates pictures of the...
Tests
Lumbar MRI scan
A lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the lower part of the spine (lumbar spine). An MRI does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images...
Tests
Lumbar spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the lumbar spine makes cross-sectional pictures of the lower back (lumbar spine). It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Lumbosacral spine CT
A lumbosacral spine CT is a computed tomography scan of the lower spine and surrounding tissues. computed tomography
Tests
Lumbosacral spine x-ray
A lumbosacral spine x-ray is a picture of the small bones (vertebrae) in the lower part of the spine. This area includes the lumbar region and the sacrum, the area that connects the spine to the pelvis...
Tests
Muscle biopsy
A muscle biopsy is the removal of a small piece of muscle tissue for examination.
Tests
Pharmacogenetic testing
Pharmacogenetic testing provides information about your genes and how they control your response to certain medicines. Your genes can affect the desired result of a drug. Your provider can use the information...
Tests
Shoulder CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the shoulder is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the shoulder.
Tests
Shoulder MRI scan
A shoulder MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses energy from powerful magnets and to create pictures of the shoulder area. It does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images...
Tests
Synovial biopsy
A synovial biopsy is the removal of a piece of tissue lining a joint for examination. The tissue is called the synovial membrane.
Tests
Synovial fluid analysis
Synovial fluid analysis is a group of tests that examine joint (synovial) fluid. The tests help diagnose and treat joint-related problems.
Tests
Thoracic spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the thoracic spine is an imaging method. It uses x-rays to rapidly create detailed pictures of the middle back (thoracic spine).
Tests
Thoracic spine x-ray
A thoracic spine x-ray is an x-ray of the 12 chest (thoracic) bones (vertebrae) of the spine. The vertebrae are separated by flat pads of cartilage called disks that provide a cushion between the bones...
Tests
X-ray
X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. An x-ray machine sends individual x-ray waves through the body. The images are recorded on a computer or film. Structures that are...
Tests
X-ray - skeleton
A skeletal x-ray is an imaging test used to look at your bones. It is used to detect fractures, tumors, or conditions that cause wearing away (degeneration) of the bone. x-ray fractures
Surgery
ACL reconstruction
ACL reconstruction is surgery to reconstruct the ligament in the center of your knee. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) connects your shin bone (tibia) to your thigh bone (femur). A tear of this ligament...
Discharge Instructions
ACL reconstruction - discharge
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Achilles tendinitis
Achilles tendinitis occurs when the tendon that connects the back of your leg to your heel becomes swollen and painful near the bottom of the foot. This tendon is called the Achilles tendon. It allows you...
Surgery
Achilles tendon repair
Your Achilles tendon joins your calf muscle to your heel. You can tear your Achilles tendon if you land hard on your heel during sports, from a jump, accelerating when you are pushing off, or when stepping...
Self-Care Instructions
Achilles tendon rupture - aftercare
Heel cord tear; Calcaneal tendon rupture
Special Topics
Alternative medicine - pain relief
Alternative medicine for pain relief refers to treatments that are used instead of conventional (standard) ones. Typically, they are low- or no-risk treatments. If you use an alternative treatment along...
Diseases & Conditions
Ankle arthroscopy
Ankle arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera and surgical tools to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your ankle. The camera is called an arthroscope. The procedure allows your surgeon...
Self-Care Instructions
Ankle fracture - aftercare
Malleolar fracture; Tri-malleolar; Bi-malleolar; Distal tibia fracture; Distal fibula fracture; Malleolus fracture; Pilon fracture
Symptoms
Ankle pain
Ankle pain involves any discomfort in one or both ankles.
Surgery
Ankle replacement
Ankle replacement is surgery to replace the damaged bone and cartilage in the ankle joint. Artificial joint parts (prosthetics) are used to replace your own bones. There are different types of ankle replacement...
Discharge Instructions
Ankle replacement - discharge
Ankle arthroplasty - total - discharge; Total ankle arthroplasty - discharge; Endoprosthetic ankle replacement - discharge; Osteoarthritis - ankle
Self-Care Instructions
Ankle sprain - aftercare
Lateral ankle sprain - aftercare; Medial ankle sprain - aftercare; Medial ankle injury - aftercare; Ankle syndesmosis sprain - aftercare; Syndesmosis injury - aftercare; ATFL injury - aftercare; CFL injury...
Injury
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
An anterior cruciate ligament injury is the over-stretching or tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee. A tear may be partial or complete.
Self-Care Instructions
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury - aftercare
Cruciate ligament injury - aftercare; ACL injury - aftercare; Knee injury - anterior cruciate
Diseases & Conditions
Anterior knee pain
Anterior knee pain is pain that occurs at the front and center of the knee. It can be caused by many different problems, including: Chondromalacia of the patella -- the softening and breakdown of the tissue...
Tests
Arm CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the arm is an imaging method that uses x-rays to make cross-sectional pictures of the arm.
Tests
Arm MRI scan
An arm MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses strong magnets to create pictures of the upper and lower arm. This may include the elbow, wrist, hands, fingers, and the surrounding muscles and other tissues...
Diseases & Conditions
Axillary nerve dysfunction
Axillary nerve dysfunction is nerve damage that can lead to a loss of movement or sensation in the shoulder.
Self-Care Instructions
Back pain - returning to work
Nonspecific back pain - work; Backache - work; Lumbar pain - work; Pain - back - chronic; Low back pain - work; Lumbago - work
Special Topics
Back pain - when you see the doctor
When you first see your health care provider for back pain, you will be asked about your back pain, including how often and when it occurs and how severe it is. Your provider will try to determine the cause...
In-depth Report
Back pain and sciatica - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of back pain, including sciatica.
Self-Care Instructions
Back pain and sports
Bicycling - back pain; Golf - back pain; Tennis - back pain; Running - back pain; Weightlifting - back pain; Lumbar pain - sports; Sciatica - sports; Low back pain - sports
Diseases & Conditions
Baker cyst
Baker cyst is a buildup of joint fluid (synovial fluid) that forms a swelling behind the knee.
Special Topics
Biofeedback
Biofeedback is a technique that measures bodily functions and gives you information about them in order to help train you to control them.
Discharge Instructions
Blood donation before surgery
Diseases & Conditions
Blount disease
Blount disease is a growth disorder of the shin bone (tibia) in which the lower leg turns inward, making it look like a bowleg.
Surgery
Bone graft
A bone graft is surgery to place new bone or bone substitutes into spaces around a broken bone or bone defects. broken bone
Tests
Bone lesion biopsy
A bone lesion biopsy is the removal of a piece of bone or bone marrow for examination.
Symptoms
Bone pain or tenderness
Bone pain or tenderness is aching or other discomfort in one or more bones.
Diseases & Conditions
Bone tumor
A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within a bone. A bone tumor may be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). tumor benign
Tests
Bone x-ray
A bone x-ray is an imaging test to look at the bones. x-ray
Diseases & Conditions
Bowlegs
Bowlegs is a condition in which the knees stay wide apart when a person stands with the feet and ankles together. It is considered normal in children under 18 months.
Injury
Broken bone
If more pressure is put on a bone than it can stand, it will split or break. A break of any size is called a fracture. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open fracture (compound fracture...
Self-Care Instructions
Broken collarbone - aftercare
Collarbone fracture - aftercare; Clavicle fracture - aftercare; Clavicular fracture
Self-Care Instructions
Broken kneecap - aftercare
Patella fracture
Self-Care Instructions
Broken toe - self-care
Fractured toe - self-care; Broken bone - toe - self-care; Fracture - toe - self-care; Fracture phalanx - toe
Self-Care Instructions
Bruised rib care
Bruised rib - self care; Rib bruise; Bruised ribs; Rib contusion
Surgery
Bunion removal
Bunion removal is surgery to treat deformed bones of the big toe and foot. A bunion occurs when the big toe points outward toward the second toe, forming a bump on the inner side of the foot. Bunion
Discharge Instructions
Bunion removal - discharge
Bunionectomy - discharge; Hallux valgus correction - discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Bunions
A bunion forms when your big toe points outward toward your second toe. This causes a bump to appear on the inside edge of your toe.
Diseases & Conditions
Bursitis
Bursitis is the swelling and irritation of a bursa. A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between muscles, tendons, and bones.
Diseases & Conditions
Bursitis of the heel
Bursitis of the heel is swelling of the fluid-filled sac (bursa) at the back of the heel bone.
Special Topics
Calcium and bones
Tests
Carpal tunnel biopsy
Carpal tunnel biopsy is a test in which a small piece of tissue is removed from the carpal tunnel (part of the wrist).
Surgery
Carpal tunnel release
Carpal tunnel release is surgery to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome is pain and weakness in the hand that is caused by pressure on the median nerve in the wrist. carpal tunnel syndrome
Diseases & Conditions
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which there is excessive pressure on the median nerve at the wrist. This is the nerve that allows feeling and movement to parts of the hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome...
In-depth Report
Carpal tunnel syndrome - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Tests
Cervical MRI scan
A cervical MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the part of the spine that runs through the neck area (cervical spine). MRI does not use radiation...
Tests
Cervical spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the cervical spine makes cross-sectional pictures of the neck. It uses x-rays to create the images.
Diseases & Conditions
Cervical spondylosis
Cervical spondylosis is a disorder in which there is wear on the cartilage (disks) and bones of the neck (cervical vertebrae). It is a common cause of chronic neck pain.
Diseases & Conditions
Charcot foot
Charcot foot is a condition that affects the bones, joints, and soft tissue in the feet and ankles. It can develop as a result of nerve damage in the feet due to diabetes or other nerve injuries.
Diseases & Conditions
Charley horse
A charley horse is the common name for a muscle spasm or cramp. Muscle spasms can occur in any muscle in the body, but often happen in the leg. When a muscle is in spasm, it contracts without your control...
Discharge Instructions
Chiropractic care for back pain
Surgery
Cirugía del dedo del pie en martillo
Un dedo del pie en martillo es un dedo que se queda en una posición curva o flexionada. Esto puede ocurrir en más de un dedo del pie. Esta afección es causada por: Desequilibrio muscularArtritis reumatoideaZapatos...
Symptoms
Claw foot
Claw foot is a deformity of the foot. The joint of the toe that is closest to the ankle is bent upward, and the other joints are bent downward. The toe looks like a claw.
Symptoms
Claw hand
Claw hand is a condition that causes curved or bent fingers. This makes the hand appear like the claw of an animal.
Self-Care Instructions
Closed reduction of a fractured bone
Fracture reduction - closed
Self-Care Instructions
Closed reduction of a fractured bone - aftercare
Fracture reduction - closed - aftercare; Cast care
Diseases & Conditions
Clubfoot
Clubfoot is a condition that involves both the foot and lower leg in which the foot turns inward and downward. It is a congenital condition, which means it is present at birth.
Surgery
Clubfoot repair
Clubfoot repair is surgery to correct a birth defect of the foot and ankle. Clubfoot
Self-Care Instructions
Collateral ligament (CL) injury - aftercare
Medial collateral ligament injury - aftercare; MCL injury - aftercare; Lateral collateral ligament injury - aftercare; LCL injury - aftercare; Knee injury - collateral ligament
Self-Care Instructions
Colles wrist fracture - aftercare
Distal radius fracture; Broken wrist
Diseases & Conditions
Common peroneal nerve dysfunction
Common peroneal nerve dysfunction is due to damage to the peroneal nerve leading to loss of movement or sensation in the foot and leg. This condition is also called common fibular nerve dysfunction.
Diseases & Conditions
Compartment syndrome
Acute compartment syndrome is a serious condition that involves increased pressure in a muscle compartment. It can lead to muscle and nerve damage and problems with blood flow.
Diseases & Conditions
Complex regional pain syndrome
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a long-term (chronic) pain condition that can affect any area of the body, but often affects an arm or a leg. chronic
Diseases & Conditions
Compression fractures of the back
Compression fractures of the back are broken vertebrae. Vertebrae are the bones of the spine.
Self-Care Instructions
Compression stockings
Compression hose; Pressure stockings; Support stockings; Gradient stockings; Varicose veins - compression stockings; Venous insufficiency - compression stockings
Symptoms
Contracture deformity
A contracture develops when the normally stretchy (elastic) tissues are replaced by nonstretchy (inelastic) fiber-like tissue. This tissue makes it hard to stretch the area and prevents normal movement...
Diseases & Conditions
Corns and calluses
Corns and calluses are thick layers of skin. They are caused by repeated pressure or friction at the spot where the corn or callus develops.
Discharge Instructions
Crutches and children - proper fit and safety tips
Discharge Instructions
Crutches and children - sitting and getting up from a chair
Discharge Instructions
Crutches and children - stairs
Discharge Instructions
Crutches and children - standing and walking
Self-Care Instructions
De Quervain tendinitis
Tendinopathy - De Quervain tendinitis; de Quervain tenosynovitis
Self-Care Instructions
Deciding to have knee or hip replacement
Diseases & Conditions
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a dislocation of the hip joint that is present at birth. The condition is found in babies or young children.
Surgery
Disk replacement - lumbar spine
Lumbar spine disk replacement is surgery of the lower back (lumbar) area. It is done to treat spinal stenosis or disk problems and allow normal movement of the backbone. Spinal stenosis is present when...
Surgery
Diskectomy
Diskectomy is surgery to remove all or part of the cushion that helps support part of your spinal column. These cushions are called disks, and they separate your spinal bones (vertebrae).
Diseases & Conditions
Diskitis
Diskitis is swelling (inflammation) and irritation of the space between the bones of the spine (intervertebral disk space).
Self-Care Instructions
Dislocated shoulder - aftercare
Shoulder dislocation - aftercare; Shoulder subluxation - aftercare; Shoulder reduction - aftercare; Glenohumeral joint dislocation
Injury
Dislocation
A dislocation is a disruption of the normal position of the ends of two or more bones where they meet at a joint. A joint is the place where two bones connect, which allows movement. A dislocated joint...
Diseases & Conditions
Dupuytren contracture
Dupuytren contracture is a painless thickening and tightening (contracture) of tissue beneath the skin on the palm and fingers.
Symptoms
Elbow pain
This article describes pain or other discomfort in the elbow that is not related to direct injury.
Surgery
Elbow replacement
Elbow replacement is surgery to replace the elbow joint with artificial joint parts (prosthetics). prosthetics
Discharge Instructions
Elbow replacement - discharge
Total elbow arthroplasty - discharge; Endoprosthetic elbow replacement - discharge
Self-Care Instructions
Elbow sprain - aftercare
Elbow injury - aftercare; Sprained elbow - aftercare; Elbow pain - sprain
Special Topics
Epidural block - pregnancy
Delivery - epidural; Labor - epidural
Surgery
Epidural injections for back pain
An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is the delivery of powerful anti-inflammatory medicine directly into the space outside of the sac of fluid around your spinal cord. This area is called the epidural space...
Surgery
Estimulación de la médula espinal
La estimulación de la médula espinal (EME) es un tratamiento para el dolor que usa una corriente eléctrica suave para bloquear los impulsos nerviosos en la columna.
Diseases & Conditions
Ewing sarcoma
Ewing sarcoma is a malignant bone tumor that forms in the bone or soft tissue around it. It affects mostly teens and young adults. bone tumor
Special Topics
Excessive carrying angle of the elbow
Tests
Extremity x-ray
An extremity x-ray is an image of the hands, wrist, feet, ankle, leg, thigh, forearm humerus or upper arm, hip, shoulder or all of these areas. The term "extremity" often refers to a human limb. x-ray X...
Discharge Instructions
Femur fracture repair - discharge
ORIF - femur - discharge; Open reduction internal fixation - femur - discharge
Special Topics
Flat bones
Flat bones are made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. They have a flat shape, not rounded. Examples include the skull and rib bones. Flat bones have marrow, but they...
Diseases & Conditions
Flat feet
Flat feet (pes planus) refer to a change in foot shape in which the foot does not have a normal arch when standing.
Discharge Instructions
Foot amputation - discharge
Amputation - foot - discharge; Trans-metatarsal amputation - discharge
Symptoms
Foot pain
Pain or discomfort can be felt anywhere in the foot. You may have pain in the heel, toes, arch, instep, or bottom of foot (sole). heel
In-depth Report
Foot pain - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of foot pain.
Self-Care Instructions
Foot sprain - aftercare
Mid-foot sprain
Surgery
Foraminotomy
Foraminotomy is surgery that widens the opening in your spine where nerve roots leave your spinal canal. You may have a narrowing of the nerve opening (foraminal stenosis).
Diseases & Conditions
Frozen shoulder
Frozen shoulder is a condition in which the shoulder is painful and loses motion because of inflammation.
Self-Care Instructions
Frozen shoulder - aftercare
Adhesive capsulitis - aftercare; Frozen shoulder syndrome - aftercare; Pericapsulitis - aftercare; Stiff shoulder - aftercare; Shoulder pain - frozen shoulder
Diseases & Conditions
Fungal arthritis
Fungal arthritis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of a joint by a fungal infection. It is also called mycotic arthritis. swelling
Self-Care Instructions
Getting your home ready - knee or hip surgery
Hip or knee surgery - getting your home ready; Osteoarthritis - knee
Self-Care Instructions
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome
Hip pain - greater trochanteric pain syndrome; GTPS; Bursitis of the hip; Hip bursitis
Self-Care Instructions
Halo brace - aftercare
Halo orthosis; Halo ring; Halo vest
Self-Care Instructions
Halo brace - child
Halo orthosis - child, Halo ring - child, Halo vest - child
Diseases & Conditions
Hammer toe
Hammer toe is a deformity of the toe. The end of the toe is bent downward.
Surgery
Hammer toe repair
A hammer toe is a toe that stays in a curled or flexed position. This can occur in more than one toe. This condition is caused by: Muscle imbalanceRheumatoid arthritisShoes that do not fit well Muscle imbalance...
Discharge Instructions
Hammer toe repair - discharge
Osteotomy - hammer toe
Self-Care Instructions
Hamstring strain - aftercare
Pulled hamstring muscle; Sprain - hamstring
Self-Care Instructions
Hand fracture - aftercare
Boxer's fracture - aftercare; Metacarpal fracture - aftercare
Tests
Hand x-ray
This test is an x-ray of one or both hands. x-ray
Surgery
Hardware removal - extremity
Surgeons use hardware such as pins, plates, or screws to help fix a broken bone, torn tendon, or to correct an abnormality in a bone. Most often, this involves bones of the legs, arms, or spine. Later,...
Symptoms
Heel pain
Self-Care Instructions
Heel pain and Achilles tendonitis - aftercare
Diseases & Conditions
Herniated disk
A herniated (slipped) disk occurs when all or part of a disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk. This may place pressure on nearby nerves or the spinal cord.
Diseases & Conditions
High arch
High arch is a foot arch that is raised more than normal. The arch runs from the toes to the heel on the bottom of the foot. It is also called pes cavus. High arch is the opposite of flat feet. flat feet
Surgery
Hip arthroscopy
Hip arthroscopy is surgery that is done by making small cuts around your hip and looking inside using a tiny camera. Other medical instruments may also be inserted to examine or treat your hip joint.
Self-Care Instructions
Hip flexor strain - aftercare
Pulled hip flexor - aftercare; Hip flexor injury - aftercare; Hip flexor tear - aftercare; Iliopsoas strain - aftercare; Strained iliopsoas muscle - aftercare; Torn iliopsoas muscle - aftercare; Psoas strain...
Discharge Instructions
Hip fracture - discharge
Inter-trochanteric fracture repair - discharge; Subtrochanteric fracture repair - discharge; Femoral neck fracture repair - discharge; Trochanteric fracture repair - discharge; Hip pinning surgery - discharge
Surgery
Hip fracture surgery
Hip fracture surgery is done to repair a break in the upper part of the thigh bone. The thigh bone is called the femur. It is part of the hip joint. Hip pain is a related topic. Hip pain
Surgery
Hip joint injection
A hip joint injection is a shot of medicine into the hip joint. The medicine can help relieve pain and inflammation. It can also help diagnose the source of hip pain.
Surgery
Hip joint replacement
Hip joint replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with a man-made joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. prosthesis
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Hip or knee replacement - after - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor after hip or knee replacement; Hip replacement - after - what to ask your doctor; Knee replacement - after - what to ask your doctor; Hip arthroplasty - after - what to ask your...
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Hip or knee replacement - before - what to ask your doctor
What to ask your doctor before hip or knee replacement; Hip replacement - before - what to ask your doctor; Knee replacement - before - what to ask your doctor; Hip arthroplasty - before - what to ask your...
Self-Care Instructions
Hip or knee replacement - in the hospital after
Hip replacement surgery - after - self-care; Knee replacement surgery - after - self-care
Symptoms
Hip pain
Hip pain involves any pain in or around the hip joint. You may not feel pain from your hip directly over the hip area. You may feel it in your groin or pain in your thigh or knee.
Discharge Instructions
Hip replacement - discharge
Hip arthroplasty - discharge; Total hip replacement - discharge; Hip hemiarthroplasty - discharge; Osteoarthritis - hip replacement discharge
Self-Care Instructions
How to avoid exercise injuries
Special Topics
How to choose the best hospital for surgery
The quality of the health care you receive depends on many things besides the skill of your surgeon. Many health care providers at a hospital will be directly involved in your care before, during, and after...
Injury
How to make a splint
A splint is a device used to hold a part of the body stable to decrease pain and prevent further injury.
Self-Care Instructions
Iliotibial band syndrome - aftercare
IT band syndrome - aftercare; ITB syndrome - aftercare; Iliotibial band friction syndrome - aftercare
Tests
Joint fluid Gram stain
Joint fluid Gram stain is a laboratory test to identify bacteria in a sample of joint fluid using a special series of stains (colors). The Gram stain method is one of the most commonly used methods to rapidly...
Tests
Joint fluid culture
Joint fluid culture is a laboratory test to detect infection-causing germs in a sample of fluid surrounding a joint.
Symptoms
Joint swelling
Joint swelling is the buildup of fluid in the soft tissue surrounding the joint or the joint itself.
Tests
Joint x-ray
This test is an x-ray of a knee, shoulder, hip, wrist, ankle, or other joint.
Tests
Knee CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the knee is a test that uses x-rays to take detailed images of the knee.
Tests
Knee MRI scan
A knee MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the knee joint and muscles and tissues. An MRI does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images are called...
Surgery
Knee arthroscopy
Knee arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera to look inside your knee. Small cuts are made to insert the camera and small surgical tools into your knee for the procedure.
Discharge Instructions
Knee arthroscopy - discharge
Knee scope - arthroscopic lateral retinacular release - discharge; Synovectomy - discharge; Patellar debridement - discharge; Meniscus repair - discharge; Lateral release - discharge; Collateral ligament...
Self-Care Instructions
Knee braces - unloading
Unloading brace
Surgery
Knee joint replacement
Knee joint replacement is a surgery to replace a knee joint with a man-made artificial joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. prosthesis
Discharge Instructions
Knee joint replacement - discharge
Total knee replacement - discharge; Knee arthroplasty - discharge; Knee replacement - total - discharge; Tricompartmental knee replacement - discharge; Osteoarthritis - knee replacement discharge
Surgery
Knee microfracture surgery
Knee microfracture surgery is a common procedure used to repair damaged knee cartilage. Cartilage helps cushion and cover the area where bones meet in the joints.
Symptoms
Knee pain
Knee pain is a common symptom in people of all ages. It may start suddenly, often after an injury or exercise. Knee pain also may begin as a mild discomfort, then slowly get worse.
Injury
Kneecap dislocation
Kneecap dislocation occurs when the round-shaped bone covering the knee (patella) moves or slides out of place. The dislocation often occurs toward the outside of the leg.
Self-Care Instructions
Kneecap dislocation - aftercare
Patellar subluxation - aftercare; Patellofemoral subluxation - aftercare; Kneecap subluxation - aftercare
Diseases & Conditions
Knock knees
Knock knees are condition in which the knees touch, but the ankles do not touch. The legs turn inward.
Surgery
Kyphoplasty
Kyphoplasty is used to treat painful compression fractures in the spine. In a compression fracture, all or part of a spine bone collapses. compression fractures The procedure is also called balloon kyphoplasty...
Diseases & Conditions
Kyphosis
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back. This leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.
Surgery
Laminectomy
Laminectomy is surgery to remove the lamina. This is part of the bone that makes up a vertebra in the spine. Laminectomy may also be done to remove bone spurs or a herniated (slipped) disk in your spine...
Special Topics
Lateral traction
Lateral traction is a treatment technique in which weight or tension is used to move a body part to the side or away from its original location.
Tests
Leg CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the leg makes cross-sectional pictures of the leg. It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Leg MRI scan
A leg MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan of the leg uses strong magnets to create pictures of the leg. This may include the ankle, foot, and surrounding tissues. A leg MRI also creates pictures of the...
Discharge Instructions
Leg amputation - discharge
Amputation - leg - discharge; Below knee amputation - discharge; BK amputation - discharge; Above knee - discharge; AK - discharge; Trans-femoral amputation - discharge; Trans-tibial amputation - discharge
Surgery
Leg lengthening and shortening
Leg lengthening and shortening are types of surgery to treat some people who have legs of unequal lengths. These procedures may: Lengthen an abnormally short legShorten an abnormally long legLimit growth...
Surgery
Leg or foot amputation
Leg or foot amputation is the removal of a leg, foot or toes from the body. These body parts are called extremities. Amputations are done either by surgery or they occur by accident or trauma to the body...
Self-Care Instructions
Leg or foot amputation - dressing change
Symptoms
Leg pain
Leg pain is a common problem. It can be due to a cramp, injury, or other cause.
Diseases & Conditions
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease occurs when the ball of the thigh bone in the hip does not get enough blood, causing the bone to die.
Self-Care Instructions
Lifting and bending the right way
Nonspecific back pain - lifting; Backache - lifting; Sciatica - lifting; Lumbar pain - lifting; Chronic back pain - lifting; Herniated disk - lifting; Slipped disk - lifting
Symptoms
Limited range of motion
Limited range of motion is a term meaning that a joint or body part cannot move through its normal range of motion.
Special Topics
Long bones
Long bones are hard, dense bones that provide strength, structure, and mobility. The thigh bone (femur) is a long bone. A long bone has a shaft and two ends. Some bones in the fingers are classified as...
Symptoms
Lordosis - lumbar
Lordosis is the inward curve of the lumbar spine (just above the buttocks). A small degree of lordosis is normal. Too much curving is called swayback.
Diseases & Conditions
Low back pain - acute
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. Acute back pain can last for a few...
Diseases & Conditions
Low back pain - chronic
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. Low back pain that is long-term is...
Tests
Lumbar MRI scan
A lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the lower part of the spine (lumbar spine). An MRI does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images...
Tests
Lumbar spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the lumbar spine makes cross-sectional pictures of the lower back (lumbar spine). It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Lumbosacral spine CT
A lumbosacral spine CT is a computed tomography scan of the lower spine and surrounding tissues. computed tomography
Tests
Lumbosacral spine x-ray
A lumbosacral spine x-ray is a picture of the small bones (vertebrae) in the lower part of the spine. This area includes the lumbar region and the sacrum, the area that connects the spine to the pelvis...
Special Topics
MRI and low back pain
Back pain and sciatica are common health complaints. Almost everyone has back pain at some time in their life. Most of the time, the exact cause of the pain can't be found. Back pain sciatica An MRI scan...
Self-Care Instructions
Mallet finger - aftercare
Baseball finger - aftercare; Drop finger - aftercare; Avulsion fracture - mallet finger - aftercare
Self-Care Instructions
Managing your chronic back pain
Chronic back pain - managing; Chronic back pain - self-care; Failed back syndrome - managing; Lumbar stenosis -managing; Spinal stenosis - managing; Sciatica - managing; Chronic lumbar pain - managing
Diseases & Conditions
Medial epicondylitis - golfer's elbow
Medial epicondylitis is soreness or pain on the inside of the lower arm near the elbow. It is commonly called golfer's elbow.
Special Topics
Medicines for back pain
Acute back pain often goes away on its own over several weeks. In some people, back pain persists. It may not go away completely or it may get more painful at times. Medicines can help with your back pain...
Self-Care Instructions
Medicines, injections, and supplements for arthritis
Arthritis - medications; Arthritis - steroid injections; Arthritis - supplements; Arthritis - hyaluronic acid
Surgery
Meniscal allograft transplantation
Meniscal allograft transplantation is surgery in which a meniscus -- a c-shaped cartilage in the knee -- is placed into your knee. The new meniscus is taken from a person who has died (cadaver) and donated...
Self-Care Instructions
Meniscus tears - aftercare
Knee cartilage tear - aftercare
Discharge Instructions
Metatarsal fracture (acute) - aftercare
Broken foot - metatarsal; Jones fracture; Dancer's fracture; Foot fracture
Self-Care Instructions
Metatarsal stress fractures - aftercare
Broken foot bone; March fracture; March foot; Jones fracture
Diseases & Conditions
Metatarsus adductus
Metatarsus adductus is a foot deformity. The bones in the front half of the foot bend or turn in toward the side of the big toe.
Surgery
Minimally invasive hip replacement
Minimally invasive hip replacement is a technique used to perform hip replacement surgeries. It uses a smaller surgical cut. Also, fewer muscles around the hip are cut or detached.
Diseases & Conditions
Morton neuroma
Morton neuroma is an injury to the nerve between the toes that causes thickening and pain. It commonly affects the nerve that travels between the 3rd and 4th toes.
Tests
Muscle biopsy
A muscle biopsy is the removal of a small piece of muscle tissue for examination.
Special Topics
Muscle strain treatment
Question: How do you treat a muscle strain? muscle strain Answer: Rest the strained muscle and apply ice for the first few days after the injury. Anti-inflammatory medicines such as ibuprofen, naproxen...
Symptoms
Neck pain
Neck pain is discomfort in any of the structures in the neck. These include the muscles, nerves, bones (vertebrae), joints, and the discs between the bones.
Self-Care Instructions
Neck pain or spasms - self care
Pain - neck - self-care; Neck stiffness - self-care; Cervicalgia - self-care; Whiplash - self-care
Diseases & Conditions
Nursemaid's elbow
Nursemaid's elbow is a dislocation of a bone in the elbow called the radius. Dislocation means the bone slips out of its normal position. dislocation The injury is also called radial head dislocation.
Special Topics
Orthopedic services
Orthopedics, or orthopedic services, aim at the treatment of the musculoskeletal system. This includes your bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.
Diseases & Conditions
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Osgood-Schlatter disease is a painful swelling of the bump on the upper part of the shinbone, just below the knee. This bump is called the anterior tibial tubercle.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder. It is due to aging and wear and tear on a joint.
In-depth Report
Osteoarthritis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the most common form of arthritis.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis is a bone infection. It is caused by bacteria or other germs.
Discharge Instructions
Osteomyelitis - discharge
Bone infection - discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Osteomyelitis in children
Osteomyelitis is a bone infection caused by bacteria or other germs.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis is bone death caused by poor blood supply. It is most common in the hip and shoulder but can affect other large joints such as the knee, elbow, wrist, and ankle.
Diseases & Conditions
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is a very rare type of cancerous bone tumor that usually develops in teenagers and young adults. It often occurs when a teen is growing rapidly. bone tumor
Surgery
Osteotomy of the knee
Osteotomy of the knee is surgery that involves making a cut in one of the bones in your lower leg. This can be done to relieve symptoms of arthritis by realigning your leg.
Special Topics
Over-the-counter pain relievers
Over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers can help relieve pain or lower a fever. Over-the-counter means you can buy these medicines without a prescription. The most common types of OTC pain medicines are acetaminophen...
Surgery
Partial knee replacement
A partial knee replacement is surgery to replace only one part of a damaged knee. It can replace either the inside (medial) part, the outside (lateral) part, or the kneecap part of the knee. Surgery to...
Special Topics
Periosteum
The periosteum is a fibrous sheath that covers bones. It contains the blood vessels and nerves that provide nourishment and sensation to the bone. The periosteum tends to be thicker in younger people. The...
Self-Care Instructions
Phantom limb pain
Amputation - phantom limb
Tests
Pharmacogenetic testing
Pharmacogenetic testing provides information about your genes and how they control your response to certain medicines. Your genes can affect the desired result of a drug. Your provider can use the information...
Special Topics
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genes affect the way medicines work in a person. Your health care provider can use the information from pharmacogenetic testing to prescribe medicines that will work...
Self-Care Instructions
Pin care
Broken bone - rod care; Broken bone - nail care; Broken bone - screw care
Self-Care Instructions
Piriformis syndrome
Pseudosciatica; Wallet sciatica; Hip socket neuropathy; Pelvic outlet syndrome; Low back pain - piriformis
Diseases & Conditions
Plantar fasciitis
The plantar fascia is the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot. It connects the heel bone to the toes and creates the arch of the foot. When this tissue becomes swollen or inflamed, it is called plantar...
Self-Care Instructions
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury - aftercare
Cruciate ligament injury - aftercare; PCL injury - aftercare; Knee injury - posterior cruciate ligament
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Questions to ask your doctor after knee replacement
What to ask your doctor after knee replacement; Knee replacement - after - what to ask your doctor; Knee arthroplasty - after - what to ask your doctor
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Questions to ask your doctor before knee replacement
What to ask your doctor about knee replacement - before; Before knee replacement - doctor questions; Before knee arthroplasty - what to ask your doctor
Questions To Ask Your Doctor
Questions to ask your surgeon about spinal surgery
What to ask your surgeon about spinal surgery - before; Before spinal surgery - surgeon questions; Before spinal surgery - what to ask your surgeon; Questions to ask your surgeon about back surgery
Self-Care Instructions
Radial head fracture - aftercare
Elbow fracture - radial head - aftercare
Diseases & Conditions
Radial nerve dysfunction
Radial nerve dysfunction is a problem with the radial nerve. This is the nerve that travels from the armpit down the back of the arm to the hand. It helps you move your arm, wrist, and hand.
Surgery
Repair of webbed fingers or toes
Repair of webbed fingers or toes is surgery to fix webbing of the toes, fingers, or both. The middle and ring fingers or the second and third toes are most often affected. Most often this surgery is done...
Surgery
Replantation of digits
Replantation of digits is surgery to reattach fingers or toes that have been cut off (amputated).
Self-Care Instructions
Returning to sports after a back injury
Back injury - returning to sports; Sciatica - returning to sports; Herniated disc - returning to sports; Herniated disk - returning to sports; Spinal stenosis - returning to sports; Back pain - returning...
Surgery
Reverse total shoulder replacement
Reverse total shoulder replacement is surgery to replace the damaged parts of the shoulder joint with artificial parts. This type of surgery may be used for people who cannot have regular shoulder replacement...
Discharge Instructions
Reverse total shoulder replacement - discharge
Self-Care Instructions
Rib fracture - aftercare
Broken rib - aftercare
Discharge Instructions
Risks of hip and knee replacement
Self-Care Instructions
Rotator cuff - self-care
Self-Care Instructions
Rotator cuff exercises
Shoulder exercises
Diseases & Conditions
Rotator cuff problems
The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that attach to the bones of the shoulder joint, allowing the shoulder to move and keep it stable. Rotator cuff tendinitis refers to irritation of these...
Surgery
Rotator cuff repair
Rotator cuff repair is surgery to repair a torn tendon in the shoulder. The procedure can be done with a large (open) incision or with shoulder arthroscopy, which uses smaller incisions. shoulder arthroscopy
Self-Care Instructions
Sacroiliac joint pain - aftercare
SIJ pain - aftercare; SIJ dysfunction - aftercare; SIJ strain - aftercare; SIJ subluxation - aftercare; SIJ syndrome - aftercare; SI joint - aftercare
Diseases & Conditions
Sciatica
Sciatica refers to pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg. It is caused by injury to or pressure on the sciatic nerve. Sciatica is a symptom of a medical problem. It is not a medical condition...
Diseases & Conditions
Scoliosis
Scoliosis is an abnormal curving of the spine. Your spine is your backbone. It runs straight down your back. Everyone's spine naturally curves a bit. But people with scoliosis have a spine that curves too...
In-depth Report
Scoliosis - InDepth
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of scoliosis.
Special Topics
Scoliosis - resources
Surgery
Scoliosis surgery in children
Scoliosis surgery repairs abnormal curving of the spine (scoliosis). The goal is to safely straighten your child's spine and align your child's shoulders and hips to correct your child's back problem. scoliosis
Diseases & Conditions
Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is inflammation of a joint due to a bacterial or fungal infection. Septic arthritis that is due to the bacteria that cause gonorrhea, has different symptoms and is called gonococcal arthritis...
Self-Care Instructions
Shin splints - self-care
Lower leg pain - self-care; Pain - shins - self-care; Anterior tibial pain - self-care; Medial tibial stress syndrome - self-care; MTSS - self-care; Exercise-induced leg pain - self-care; Tibial periostitis...
Special Topics
Short bones
Short bones in the human body are often cube-like, their length, width, and height are all about the same. Short bones include the carpal bones of the hands that allow movement of the wrist, and the tarsal...
Tests
Shoulder CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the shoulder is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the shoulder.
Tests
Shoulder MRI scan
A shoulder MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses energy from powerful magnets and to create pictures of the shoulder area. It does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images...
Surgery
Shoulder arthroscopy
Shoulder arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera called an arthroscope to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your shoulder joint. The arthroscope is inserted through a small cut (incision...
Symptoms
Shoulder pain
Shoulder pain is any pain in or around the shoulder joint.
Surgery
Shoulder replacement
Shoulder replacement is surgery to replace the bones of the shoulder joint with artificial joint parts.
Discharge Instructions
Shoulder replacement - discharge
Total shoulder arthroplasty - discharge; Endoprosthetic shoulder replacement - discharge; Partial shoulder replacement - discharge; Partial shoulder arthroplasty - discharge; Replacement - shoulder - discharge...
Self-Care Instructions
Shoulder separation - aftercare
Separated shoulder - aftercare; Acromioclavicular joint separation - aftercare; A/C separation - aftercare
Discharge Instructions
Shoulder surgery - discharge
SLAP repair - discharge; Acromioplasty - discharge; Bankart repair - discharge; Shoulder repair - discharge; Shoulder arthroscopy - discharge
Symptoms
Skeletal limb abnormalities
Skeletal limb abnormalities refers to a variety of bone structure problems in the arms or legs (limbs).
Discharge Instructions
Skier's thumb - aftercare
Sprained thumb; Stable thumb; Ulnar collateral ligament injury; Gamekeeper's thumb
Discharge Instructions
Skilled nursing facilities after joint replacement
Diseases & Conditions
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
A slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a separation of the ball of the hip joint from the thigh bone (femur) at the upper growing end (growth plate) of the bone.
Diseases & Conditions
Slipping rib syndrome
Slipping rib syndrome refers to pain in your lower chest or upper abdomen which may be present when your lower ribs move a little more than normal. Your ribs are the bones in your chest that wrap around...
Injury
Smashed fingers
Smashed fingers is an injury involving trauma to one or more fingers.
Surgery
Spinal cord stimulation
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a treatment for pain that uses a mild electric current to block nerve impulses in the spine.
Surgery
Spinal fusion
Spinal fusion is surgery to permanently join together two or more bones in the spine so there is no movement between them. These bones are called vertebrae.
Injury
Spinal injury
The spinal cord contains the nerves that carry messages between your brain and the rest of the body. The cord passes through your neck and back. A spinal cord injury is very serious because it can cause...
Diseases & Conditions
Spinal stenosis
Spinal stenosis is narrowing of the spinal column that causes pressure on the spinal cord, or narrowing of the openings (called neural foramina) where spinal nerves leave the spinal column.
Discharge Instructions
Spine surgery - discharge
Diskectomy - discharge; Foraminotomy - discharge; Laminectomy - discharge; Spinal fusion - discharge; Spinal microdiskectomy - discharge; Microdecompression - discharge; Laminotomy - discharge; Disk removal...
Diseases & Conditions
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which a bone (vertebra) in the spine moves forward out of the proper position onto the bone below it.
Injury
Sprains
A sprain is an injury to the ligaments around a joint. Ligaments are strong, flexible fibers that hold bones together. When a ligament is stretched too far or tears, the area around the joint will become...
Self-Care Instructions
Stay active and exercise when you have arthritis
Arthritis - exercise; Arthritis - activity
Surgery
Steroid injections - tendon, bursa, joint
A steroid injection is a shot of medicine used to relieve a swollen or inflamed area that is often painful. It can be injected into a joint, tendon, or bursa.
Injury
Strains
A strain is when a muscle is stretched too much and part of it tears. It is also called a pulled muscle. A strain is a painful injury. It can be caused by an accident, overusing a muscle, or using a muscle...
Tests
Synovial biopsy
A synovial biopsy is the removal of a piece of tissue lining a joint for examination. The tissue is called the synovial membrane.
Tests
Synovial fluid analysis
Synovial fluid analysis is a group of tests that examine joint (synovial) fluid. The tests help diagnose and treat joint-related problems.
Injury
Tailbone trauma
Tailbone trauma is an injury to the small bone at the lower tip of the spine.
Self-Care Instructions
Tailbone trauma - aftercare
Coccyx injury; Coccyx fracture; Coccydynia - aftercare
Special Topics
Taking care of your back at home
Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lower back, and difficulty standing straight. There are many things you can do...
Self-Care Instructions
Taking care of your new hip joint
Hip arthroplasty - precautions; Hip replacement - precautions; Osteoarthritis - hip; Osteoarthritis - knee
Self-Care Instructions
Taking care of your new knee joint
Knee arthroplasty - precautions; Knee replacement - precautions
Discharge Instructions
Taking narcotics for back pain
Nonspecific back pain - narcotics; Backache - chronic - narcotics; Lumbar pain - chronic - narcotics; Pain - back - chronic - narcotics; Chronic back pain - low - narcotics
Diseases & Conditions
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a condition in which the tibial nerve is being compressed. This is the nerve in the ankle that allows feeling and movement to parts of the foot. Tarsal tunnel syndrome can lead...
Diseases & Conditions
Tendinitis
Tendons are the fibrous structures that join muscles to bones. When these tendons become swollen or inflamed, it is called tendinitis. In many cases, tendinosis (tendon degeneration) is also present.
Surgery
Tendon repair
Tendon repair is surgery to repair damaged or torn tendons.
Diseases & Conditions
Tennis elbow
Tennis elbow is soreness or pain on the outside (lateral) side of the upper arm near the elbow.
Surgery
Tennis elbow surgery
Tennis elbow is caused by doing the same repetitive and forceful arm movements many times. It creates small, painful tears in the tendons in your elbow. Tennis elbow This injury can be caused by tennis...
Discharge Instructions
Tennis elbow surgery - discharge
Lateral epicondylitis surgery - discharge; Lateral tendinosis surgery - discharge; Lateral tennis elbow surgery - discharge
Diseases & Conditions
Tenosynovitis
Tenosynovitis is inflammation of the lining of the sheath that surrounds a tendon (the cord that joins muscle to bone).
Self-Care Instructions
The night before your surgery
Diseases & Conditions
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thoracic outlet syndrome is a rare condition that involves: Pain in the neck and shoulderNumbness and tingling of the fingersA weak grip Swelling of the affected limbColdness of the affected limb Pain in...
Tests
Thoracic spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the thoracic spine is an imaging method. It uses x-rays to rapidly create detailed pictures of the middle back (thoracic spine).
Tests
Thoracic spine x-ray
A thoracic spine x-ray is an x-ray of the 12 chest (thoracic) bones (vertebrae) of the spine. The vertebrae are separated by flat pads of cartilage called disks that provide a cushion between the bones...
Special Topics
Tibia
The tibia is the larger of two long bones in the lower leg. It is sometimes called the shin bone.
Surgery
Total hip joint replacement - revision
Hip joint replacement is surgery to replace all or part of the hip joint with a man-made joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. Over time some or all parts of a prosthesis may wear out due...
Surgery
Total knee joint replacement - revision
Knee joint replacement is a surgery to replace a knee joint with a man-made artificial joint. The artificial joint is called a prosthesis. However, over time some or all parts of a prosthesis may wear out...
Diseases & Conditions
Toxic synovitis
Toxic synovitis is a condition affecting children that causes hip pain and limping. hip pain
Special Topics
Traction
Traction means pulling on part of the body. Most often, traction uses devices such as weights and pulleys to put tension on a displaced bone or joint, such as a dislocated shoulder. The tension helps put...
Injury
Traumatic amputation
Traumatic amputation is the loss of a body part, usually a finger, toe, arm, or leg, that occurs as the result of an accident or injury.
Self-Care Instructions
Trigger finger
Digital stenosing tenosynovitis; Trigger digit; Trigger finger release; Locked finger; Digital flexor tenosynovitis
Diseases & Conditions
Ulnar nerve dysfunction
Ulnar nerve dysfunction is a problem with one of the nerves that travel from the shoulder to the hand, called the ulnar nerve. It helps you move your arm, wrist, and hand.
Self-Care Instructions
Using a cane
Self-Care Instructions
Using a walker
Discharge Instructions
Using crutches
Self-Care Instructions
Using your shoulder after replacement surgery
Joint replacement surgery - using your shoulder; Shoulder replacement surgery - after
Self-Care Instructions
Using your shoulder after surgery
Shoulder surgery - using your shoulder; Shoulder surgery - after
Surgery
Vertebroplasty
Vertebroplasty is often an outpatient procedure used to treat painful compression fractures in the spine. In a compression fracture, all or part of a spine bone collapses.
Diseases & Conditions
Viral arthritis
Viral arthritis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of a joint caused by a viral infection. swelling
Diseases & Conditions
Volkmann contracture
Volkmann contracture is a deformity of the hand, fingers, and wrist caused by injury to the muscles of the forearm. The condition is also called Volkmann ischemic contracture.
Self-Care Instructions
Warning signs and symptoms of heart disease
Angina - heart disease warning signs; Chest pain - heart disease warning signs; Dyspnea - heart disease warning signs; Edema - heart disease warning signs; Palpitations - heart disease warning signs
Surgery
Wrist arthroscopy
Wrist arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera and surgical tools to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your wrist. The camera is called an arthroscope. The procedure allows your surgeon...
Symptoms
Wrist pain
Wrist pain is any pain or discomfort in the wrist.
Self-Care Instructions
Wrist sprain - aftercare
Scapholunate ligament sprain - aftercare
Tests
X-ray
X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. An x-ray machine sends individual x-ray waves through the body. The images are recorded on a computer or film. Structures that are...
Tests
X-ray - skeleton
A skeletal x-ray is an imaging test used to look at your bones. It is used to detect fractures, tumors, or conditions that cause wearing away (degeneration) of the bone. x-ray fractures