Radiology
Radiology encompasses a range of imaging technologies including X-rays, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose and treat disease.
Special Topics
Imaging and radiology
Radiology is a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease. Radiology may be divided into two different areas, diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology. Doctors...
Special Topics
Ions
An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge. Ions with a positive charge are called cations. Ions with a negative charge are called anions. Many normal substances exist in the body as...
Special Topics
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genes affect the way medicines work in a person. Your health care provider can use the information from pharmacogenetic testing to prescribe medicines that will work...
Special Topics
Proton therapy
Proton therapy is a kind of radiation used to treat cancer. Like other types of radiation, proton therapy kills cancer cells and stops them from growing. radiation
Special Topics
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-powered radiation (such as x-rays or gamma rays), particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells. cancer
Surgery
Cardiac intravascular ultrasound
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a diagnostic test. This test uses sound waves to see inside blood vessels. It is useful for evaluating the coronary arteries that supply the heart.
Surgery
Stereotactic radiosurgery - CyberKnife
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a form of radiation therapy that focuses high-power energy on a small area of the body. Despite its name, radiosurgery is a treatment, not a surgical procedure. Incisions...
Surgery
Uterine artery embolization
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a procedure to treat fibroids without surgery. Uterine fibroids are noncancerous (benign) tumors that develop in the uterus (womb). fibroids During the procedure, the...
Tests
Abdominal CT scan
An abdominal CT scan is an imaging method. This test uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the belly area. CT stands for computed tomography.
Tests
Abdominal MRI scan
An abdominal magnetic resonance imaging scan is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves. The waves create pictures of the inside of the belly area. It does not use radiation (x-rays)...
Tests
Abdominal ultrasound
Abdominal ultrasound is a type of imaging test. It is used to look at organs in the abdomen, including the liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. The blood vessels that lead to some of these...
Tests
Aortic angiography
Aortic angiography is a procedure that uses a special dye and x-rays to see how blood flows through the aorta. The aorta is the major artery. It carries blood out of the heart, and through your abdomen...
Tests
Arm CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the arm is an imaging method that uses x-rays to make cross-sectional pictures of the arm.
Tests
Arm MRI scan
An arm MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses strong magnets to create pictures of the upper and lower arm. This may include the elbow, wrist, hands, fingers, and the surrounding muscles and other tissues...
Tests
Barium enema
Barium enema is a special x-ray of the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum. x-ray
Tests
Bone mineral density test
A bone mineral density (BMD) test measures how much calcium and other types of minerals are in an area of your bone. This test helps your health care provider detect osteoporosis or bone loss and predict...
Tests
Bone scan
A bone scan is an imaging test used to diagnose bone diseases and find out how severe they are.
Tests
Bone x-ray
A bone x-ray is an imaging test to look at the bones. x-ray
Tests
Breast MRI scan
A breast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the breast and surrounding tissue. It does not use radiation (x-rays)....
Tests
Breast biopsy - stereotactic
A breast biopsy is the removal of breast tissue to examine it for signs of breast cancer or other disorders. breast cancer There are several types of breast biopsies, including stereotactic, ultrasound...
Tests
Breast biopsy - ultrasound
A breast biopsy is the removal of breast tissue to examine it for signs of breast cancer or other disorders. breast cancer There are several types of breast biopsies, including stereotactic, ultrasound...
Tests
Breast ultrasound
Breast ultrasound is a test that uses sound waves to examine the breasts.
Tests
CT angiography - arms and legs
CT angiography combines a CT scan with the injection of dye. This technique is able to create pictures of the blood vessels in the arms or legs. CT stands for computed tomography.
Tests
CT angiography – chest
CT angiography combines a CT scan with the injection of dye. This technique is able to create pictures of the blood vessels in the chest and upper abdomen. CT stands for computed tomography.
Tests
CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create pictures of cross-sections of the body. Related tests include: Abdominal and pelvis CT scanCranial or head CT scanCervical...
Tests
Carotid duplex
Carotid duplex is an ultrasound test that shows how well blood is flowing through the carotid arteries. The carotid arteries are located in the neck. They supply blood directly to the brain. ultrasound
Tests
Cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography is a procedure that uses a special dye (contrast material) and x-rays to see how blood flows through the brain.
Tests
Cervical MRI scan
A cervical MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the part of the spine that runs through the neck area (cervical spine). MRI does not use radiation...
Tests
Cervical spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the cervical spine makes cross-sectional pictures of the neck. It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Chest CT
A chest CT (computed tomography) scan is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the chest and upper abdomen.
Tests
Chest MRI
A chest MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses powerful magnetic fields and radio waves to create pictures of the chest (thoracic area). It does not use radiation (x-rays).
Tests
Chest x-ray
A chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest, lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, and diaphragm. x-ray
Tests
Doppler ultrasound exam of an arm or leg
This test uses ultrasound to look at the blood flow in the large arteries and veins in the arms or legs. ultrasound
Tests
Duplex ultrasound
A duplex ultrasound is a test to see how blood moves through your arteries and veins. ultrasound
Tests
Endoscopic ultrasound
Endoscopic ultrasound is a type of imaging test. It is used to see organs in and near the digestive tract.
Tests
Enteroclysis
Enteroclysis is an imaging test of the small intestine. The test looks at how a liquid called contrast material moves through the small intestine.
Tests
Extremity angiography
Extremity angiography is a test used to see the arteries in the hands, arms, feet, or legs. It is also called peripheral angiography. Angiography uses x-rays and a special dye to see the insides of the...
Tests
Extremity x-ray
An extremity x-ray is an image of the hands, wrist, feet, ankle, leg, thigh, forearm humerus or upper arm, hip, shoulder or all of these areas. The term "extremity" often refers to a human limb. x-ray X...
Tests
Eye and orbit ultrasound
An eye and orbit ultrasound is a test to look at the eye area. It also measures the size and structures of the eye. ultrasound
Tests
Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid
Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is a procedure to remove thyroid cells for examination. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located inside the front of the lower neck.
Tests
Fluorescein angiography
Fluorescein angiography is an eye test that uses a special dye and camera to look at blood flow in the retina and choroid. These are the two layers in the back of the eye. retina choroid
Tests
Gallbladder radionuclide scan
Gallbladder radionuclide scan is a test that uses radioactive material to check gallbladder function. It is also used to look for bile duct blockage or leak.
Tests
Gallium scan
A gallium scan is a test to look for swelling (inflammation), infection, or cancer in the body. It uses a radioactive material called gallium and is a type of nuclear medicine exam. nuclear medicine A related...
Tests
Hand x-ray
This test is an x-ray of one or both hands. x-ray
Tests
Head CT scan
A head computed tomography (CT) scan uses many x-rays to create pictures of the head, including the skull, brain, eye sockets, and sinuses. computed tomography
Tests
Head MRI
A head MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the brain and surrounding tissues. It does not use radiation.
Tests
Heart MRI
Heart magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging method that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the heart. It does not use radiation (x-rays). magnetic resonance imaging Single magnetic...
Tests
Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography is a special x-ray using dye to look at the womb (uterus) and fallopian tubes.
Tests
Indium-labelled WBC scan
A radioactive scan detects abscesses or infections in the body by using a radioactive material. An abscess occurs when pus collects due to an infection. abscess
Tests
Intravenous pyelogram
An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a special x-ray exam of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder). x-ray
Tests
Joint x-ray
This test is an x-ray of a knee, shoulder, hip, wrist, ankle, or other joint.
Tests
Knee CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the knee is a test that uses x-rays to take detailed images of the knee.
Tests
Knee MRI scan
A knee MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the knee joint and muscles and tissues. An MRI does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images are called...
Tests
Leg CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the leg makes cross-sectional pictures of the leg. It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Leg MRI scan
A leg MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan of the leg uses strong magnets to create pictures of the leg. This may include the ankle, foot, and surrounding tissues. A leg MRI also creates pictures of the...
Tests
Liver scan
A liver scan uses a radioactive material to check how well the liver or spleen is working and to assess masses in the liver.
Tests
Lumbar MRI scan
A lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the lower part of the spine (lumbar spine). An MRI does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images...
Tests
Lumbar spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the lumbar spine makes cross-sectional pictures of the lower back (lumbar spine). It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Lumbosacral spine CT
A lumbosacral spine CT is a computed tomography scan of the lower spine and surrounding tissues. computed tomography
Tests
Lumbosacral spine x-ray
A lumbosacral spine x-ray is a picture of the small bones (vertebrae) in the lower part of the spine. This area includes the lumbar region and the sacrum, the area that connects the spine to the pelvis...
Tests
Lung PET scan
A lung positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test. It uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer) to look for disease in the lungs such as lung cancer. PET lung cancer Unlike magnetic...
Tests
Lung gallium scan
Lung gallium scan is a type of nuclear scan that uses radioactive gallium to identify inflammation in the lungs. nuclear scan
Tests
Lymphangiogram
A lymphangiogram is a special x-ray of the lymph nodes and lymph vessels. Lymph nodes produce lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) that help fight infections. The lymph nodes also filter and trap cancer...
Tests
MIBG scintiscan
An MIBG scintiscan is a type of imaging test. It uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer). A scanner finds or confirms the presence of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. These are types of tumors...
Tests
MRI
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the body. It does not use ionizing radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images are called...
Tests
Magnetic resonance angiography
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is an MRI exam of the blood vessels. Unlike traditional angiography that involves placing a tube (catheter) into the body, MRA is noninvasive. MRI
Tests
Mammogram
A mammogram is an x-ray picture of the breasts. It is used to evaluate some breast symptoms and to find breast cancer in women with no symptoms. x-ray breast cancer
Tests
Mesenteric angiography
Mesenteric angiography is a test used to look at the blood vessels that supply the small and large intestines. Angiography is an imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see the insides of the...
Tests
Neck x-ray
A neck x-ray is an imaging test to look at the cervical vertebrae. These are the 7 bones of the spine in the neck.
Tests
Nuclear stress test
Nuclear stress test is an imaging method that uses radioactive material to show how well blood flows into the heart muscle, both at rest and during activity.
Tests
Orbit CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the orbit is an imaging method. It uses x-rays to create detailed pictures of the eye sockets (orbits), eyes and surrounding bones.
Tests
PET scan
A positron emission tomography (PET) scan is a type of imaging test. It uses a radioactive substance called a tracer to look for disease in the body. A PET scan shows how organs and tissues are working...
Tests
PET scan for breast cancer
A positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer) to look for potential spread of breast cancer. This tracer can help identify areas of cancer...
Tests
Pelvic CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the pelvis is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the area between the hip bones. This part of the body is called the pelvic area...
Tests
Pelvis MRI scan
A pelvis MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses a machine with powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the area between the hip bones. This part of the body is...
Tests
Pelvis x-ray
A pelvis x-ray is a picture of the bones in and around both hips. The pelvis connects the legs to the body. x-ray
Tests
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram
A percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC) is an x-ray of the bile ducts. These are the tubes that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine. x-ray
Tests
Pharmacogenetic testing
Pharmacogenetic testing provides information about your genes and how they control your response to certain medicines. Your genes can affect the desired result of a drug. Your provider can use the information...
Tests
Plethysmography
Plethysmography measures changes in volume in different parts of the body. The test may be done to check for blood clots in the arms and legs. It is also done to measure how much air you can hold in your...
Tests
Pulmonary angiography
Pulmonary angiography is a test to see how blood flows through the lung. Angiography is an imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see the insides of the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels...
Tests
RBC nuclear scan
An RBC nuclear scan uses small amounts of radioactive material to mark (tag) red blood cells (RBCs). Your body is then scanned to see the cells and track how they move through the body.
Tests
Radionuclide cisternogram
A radionuclide cisternogram is a nuclear scan test. It is used to diagnose problems with the flow of spinal fluid.
Tests
Radionuclide cystogram
A radionuclide cystogram is a special imaging nuclear scan test. It checks how well your bladder and urinary tract work. nuclear scan
Tests
Renal arteriography
Renal arteriography is a special x-ray of the arteries of the kidneys.
Tests
Renal perfusion scintiscan
A renal perfusion scintiscan is a nuclear medicine test. It uses a small amount of a radioactive substance to create an image of the kidneys.
Tests
Renal scan
A renal scan is a nuclear medicine exam in which a small amount of radioactive material (radioisotope) is used to measure the function of the kidneys. nuclear medicine
Tests
Renal venogram
A renal venogram is a test to look at the veins in the kidney. It uses x-rays and a special dye (called contrast). x-rays X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation like light, but of higher energy...
Tests
Retrograde cystography
Retrograde cystography is a detailed x-ray of the bladder. Contrast dye is placed into the bladder through the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the...
Tests
Scrotal ultrasound
Scrotal ultrasound is an imaging test that looks at the scrotum. The scrotum is the flesh-covered sac that hangs between the legs at the base of the penis and contains the testicles. ultrasound The testicles...
Tests
Shoulder CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the shoulder is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the shoulder.
Tests
Shoulder MRI scan
A shoulder MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses energy from powerful magnets and to create pictures of the shoulder area. It does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images...
Tests
Sialogram
A sialogram is an x-ray of the salivary ducts and glands. x-ray The salivary glands are located on each side of the head, in the cheeks just in front of the ears, and under the jaw. They release saliva...
Tests
Sinus CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the sinus is an imaging test that uses x-rays to make detailed pictures of the air-filled spaces inside the face (sinuses).
Tests
Sinus MRI scan
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the sinuses creates detailed pictures of the air-filled spaces inside the skull. These spaces are called the sinuses. The test is noninvasive. MRI uses powerful...
Tests
Sinus x-ray
A sinus x-ray is an imaging test to look at the sinuses. These are the air-filled spaces in the front of the skull. x-ray
Tests
Skull x-ray
A skull x-ray is a picture of the bones surrounding the brain, including the facial bones, the nose, and the sinuses. x-ray
Tests
Thoracic spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the thoracic spine is an imaging method. It uses x-rays to rapidly create detailed pictures of the middle back (thoracic spine).
Tests
Thoracic spine x-ray
A thoracic spine x-ray is an x-ray of the 12 chest (thoracic) bones (vertebrae) of the spine. The vertebrae are separated by flat pads of cartilage called disks that provide a cushion between the bones...
Tests
Thyroid scan
A thyroid scan uses a radioactive iodine tracer to examine the structure and function of the thyroid gland. This test is often done together with a radioactive iodine uptake test. radioactive iodine uptake...
Tests
Thyroid ultrasound
A thyroid ultrasound is an imaging method to see the thyroid, a gland in the neck that regulates metabolism (the many processes that control the rate of activity in cells and tissues). metabolism
Tests
Transvaginal ultrasound
Transvaginal ultrasound is a test used to look at a woman's uterus, ovaries, tubes, cervix, and pelvic area. cervix Transvaginal means across or through the vagina. The ultrasound probe will be placed inside...
Tests
Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to make images of organs and structures inside the body.
Tests
Ultrasound pregnancy
A pregnancy ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to create a picture of how a baby is developing in the womb (uterus). It is also used to check the female pelvic organs during pregnancy.
Tests
Upper GI and small bowel series
An upper GI and small bowel series is a set of x-rays taken to examine the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. x-rays Barium enema is a related test that examines the large intestine.
Barium enema
Tests
Venogram
A venogram is a way to look at veins in your body. It uses x-rays and a radiographic contrast material. It is most often used to look at veins in the legs and belly area (abdomen). x-rays Veins are not...
Tests
Venogram - leg
Venography for legs is a test used to see the veins in the leg. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, like visible light is. However, these rays are of higher energy. Therefore, they can go through...
Tests
Virtual colonoscopy
Virtual colonoscopy (VC) is an imaging or x-ray test that looks for cancer, polyps, or other disease in the large intestine (colon). The medical name of this test is CT colonography. polyps
Tests
Voiding cystourethrogram
A voiding cystourethrogram is an x-ray study of the bladder and urethra. It is done while the bladder is emptying. x-ray
Tests
X-ray
X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. An x-ray machine sends individual x-ray waves through the body. The images are recorded on a computer or film. Structures that are...
Tests
X-ray - skeleton
A skeletal x-ray is an imaging test used to look at your bones. It is used to detect fractures, tumors, or conditions that cause wearing away (degeneration) of the bone. x-ray fractures
Tests
Abdominal CT scan
An abdominal CT scan is an imaging method. This test uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the belly area. CT stands for computed tomography.
Tests
Abdominal MRI scan
An abdominal magnetic resonance imaging scan is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves. The waves create pictures of the inside of the belly area. It does not use radiation (x-rays)...
Tests
Abdominal ultrasound
Abdominal ultrasound is a type of imaging test. It is used to look at organs in the abdomen, including the liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. The blood vessels that lead to some of these...
Tests
Aortic angiography
Aortic angiography is a procedure that uses a special dye and x-rays to see how blood flows through the aorta. The aorta is the major artery. It carries blood out of the heart, and through your abdomen...
Tests
Arm CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the arm is an imaging method that uses x-rays to make cross-sectional pictures of the arm.
Tests
Arm MRI scan
An arm MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses strong magnets to create pictures of the upper and lower arm. This may include the elbow, wrist, hands, fingers, and the surrounding muscles and other tissues...
Tests
Barium enema
Barium enema is a special x-ray of the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum. x-ray
Tests
Bone mineral density test
A bone mineral density (BMD) test measures how much calcium and other types of minerals are in an area of your bone. This test helps your health care provider detect osteoporosis or bone loss and predict...
Tests
Bone scan
A bone scan is an imaging test used to diagnose bone diseases and find out how severe they are.
Tests
Bone x-ray
A bone x-ray is an imaging test to look at the bones. x-ray
Tests
Breast MRI scan
A breast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the breast and surrounding tissue. It does not use radiation (x-rays)....
Tests
Breast biopsy - stereotactic
A breast biopsy is the removal of breast tissue to examine it for signs of breast cancer or other disorders. breast cancer There are several types of breast biopsies, including stereotactic, ultrasound...
Tests
Breast biopsy - ultrasound
A breast biopsy is the removal of breast tissue to examine it for signs of breast cancer or other disorders. breast cancer There are several types of breast biopsies, including stereotactic, ultrasound...
Tests
Breast ultrasound
Breast ultrasound is a test that uses sound waves to examine the breasts.
Tests
CT angiography - arms and legs
CT angiography combines a CT scan with the injection of dye. This technique is able to create pictures of the blood vessels in the arms or legs. CT stands for computed tomography.
Tests
CT angiography – chest
CT angiography combines a CT scan with the injection of dye. This technique is able to create pictures of the blood vessels in the chest and upper abdomen. CT stands for computed tomography.
Tests
CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create pictures of cross-sections of the body. Related tests include: Abdominal and pelvis CT scanCranial or head CT scanCervical...
Surgery
Cardiac intravascular ultrasound
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a diagnostic test. This test uses sound waves to see inside blood vessels. It is useful for evaluating the coronary arteries that supply the heart.
Tests
Carotid duplex
Carotid duplex is an ultrasound test that shows how well blood is flowing through the carotid arteries. The carotid arteries are located in the neck. They supply blood directly to the brain. ultrasound
Tests
Cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography is a procedure that uses a special dye (contrast material) and x-rays to see how blood flows through the brain.
Tests
Cervical MRI scan
A cervical MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the part of the spine that runs through the neck area (cervical spine). MRI does not use radiation...
Tests
Cervical spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the cervical spine makes cross-sectional pictures of the neck. It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Chest CT
A chest CT (computed tomography) scan is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the chest and upper abdomen.
Tests
Chest MRI
A chest MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses powerful magnetic fields and radio waves to create pictures of the chest (thoracic area). It does not use radiation (x-rays).
Tests
Chest x-ray
A chest x-ray is an x-ray of the chest, lungs, heart, large arteries, ribs, and diaphragm. x-ray
Tests
Doppler ultrasound exam of an arm or leg
This test uses ultrasound to look at the blood flow in the large arteries and veins in the arms or legs. ultrasound
Tests
Duplex ultrasound
A duplex ultrasound is a test to see how blood moves through your arteries and veins. ultrasound
Tests
Endoscopic ultrasound
Endoscopic ultrasound is a type of imaging test. It is used to see organs in and near the digestive tract.
Tests
Enteroclysis
Enteroclysis is an imaging test of the small intestine. The test looks at how a liquid called contrast material moves through the small intestine.
Tests
Extremity angiography
Extremity angiography is a test used to see the arteries in the hands, arms, feet, or legs. It is also called peripheral angiography. Angiography uses x-rays and a special dye to see the insides of the...
Tests
Extremity x-ray
An extremity x-ray is an image of the hands, wrist, feet, ankle, leg, thigh, forearm humerus or upper arm, hip, shoulder or all of these areas. The term "extremity" often refers to a human limb. x-ray X...
Tests
Eye and orbit ultrasound
An eye and orbit ultrasound is a test to look at the eye area. It also measures the size and structures of the eye. ultrasound
Tests
Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid
Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is a procedure to remove thyroid cells for examination. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located inside the front of the lower neck.
Tests
Fluorescein angiography
Fluorescein angiography is an eye test that uses a special dye and camera to look at blood flow in the retina and choroid. These are the two layers in the back of the eye. retina choroid
Tests
Gallbladder radionuclide scan
Gallbladder radionuclide scan is a test that uses radioactive material to check gallbladder function. It is also used to look for bile duct blockage or leak.
Tests
Gallium scan
A gallium scan is a test to look for swelling (inflammation), infection, or cancer in the body. It uses a radioactive material called gallium and is a type of nuclear medicine exam. nuclear medicine A related...
Tests
Hand x-ray
This test is an x-ray of one or both hands. x-ray
Tests
Head CT scan
A head computed tomography (CT) scan uses many x-rays to create pictures of the head, including the skull, brain, eye sockets, and sinuses. computed tomography
Tests
Head MRI
A head MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the brain and surrounding tissues. It does not use radiation.
Tests
Heart MRI
Heart magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging method that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the heart. It does not use radiation (x-rays). magnetic resonance imaging Single magnetic...
Tests
Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography is a special x-ray using dye to look at the womb (uterus) and fallopian tubes.
Special Topics
Imaging and radiology
Radiology is a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease. Radiology may be divided into two different areas, diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology. Doctors...
Tests
Indium-labelled WBC scan
A radioactive scan detects abscesses or infections in the body by using a radioactive material. An abscess occurs when pus collects due to an infection. abscess
Tests
Intravenous pyelogram
An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a special x-ray exam of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder). x-ray
Special Topics
Ions
An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge. Ions with a positive charge are called cations. Ions with a negative charge are called anions. Many normal substances exist in the body as...
Tests
Joint x-ray
This test is an x-ray of a knee, shoulder, hip, wrist, ankle, or other joint.
Tests
Knee CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the knee is a test that uses x-rays to take detailed images of the knee.
Tests
Knee MRI scan
A knee MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the knee joint and muscles and tissues. An MRI does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images are called...
Tests
Leg CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the leg makes cross-sectional pictures of the leg. It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Leg MRI scan
A leg MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan of the leg uses strong magnets to create pictures of the leg. This may include the ankle, foot, and surrounding tissues. A leg MRI also creates pictures of the...
Tests
Liver scan
A liver scan uses a radioactive material to check how well the liver or spleen is working and to assess masses in the liver.
Tests
Lumbar MRI scan
A lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses energy from strong magnets to create pictures of the lower part of the spine (lumbar spine). An MRI does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images...
Tests
Lumbar spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the lumbar spine makes cross-sectional pictures of the lower back (lumbar spine). It uses x-rays to create the images.
Tests
Lumbosacral spine CT
A lumbosacral spine CT is a computed tomography scan of the lower spine and surrounding tissues. computed tomography
Tests
Lumbosacral spine x-ray
A lumbosacral spine x-ray is a picture of the small bones (vertebrae) in the lower part of the spine. This area includes the lumbar region and the sacrum, the area that connects the spine to the pelvis...
Tests
Lung PET scan
A lung positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test. It uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer) to look for disease in the lungs such as lung cancer. PET lung cancer Unlike magnetic...
Tests
Lung gallium scan
Lung gallium scan is a type of nuclear scan that uses radioactive gallium to identify inflammation in the lungs. nuclear scan
Tests
Lymphangiogram
A lymphangiogram is a special x-ray of the lymph nodes and lymph vessels. Lymph nodes produce lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) that help fight infections. The lymph nodes also filter and trap cancer...
Tests
MIBG scintiscan
An MIBG scintiscan is a type of imaging test. It uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer). A scanner finds or confirms the presence of pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. These are types of tumors...
Tests
MRI
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is an imaging test that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the body. It does not use ionizing radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images are called...
Tests
Magnetic resonance angiography
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is an MRI exam of the blood vessels. Unlike traditional angiography that involves placing a tube (catheter) into the body, MRA is noninvasive. MRI
Tests
Mammogram
A mammogram is an x-ray picture of the breasts. It is used to evaluate some breast symptoms and to find breast cancer in women with no symptoms. x-ray breast cancer
Tests
Mesenteric angiography
Mesenteric angiography is a test used to look at the blood vessels that supply the small and large intestines. Angiography is an imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see the insides of the...
Tests
Neck x-ray
A neck x-ray is an imaging test to look at the cervical vertebrae. These are the 7 bones of the spine in the neck.
Tests
Nuclear stress test
Nuclear stress test is an imaging method that uses radioactive material to show how well blood flows into the heart muscle, both at rest and during activity.
Tests
Orbit CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the orbit is an imaging method. It uses x-rays to create detailed pictures of the eye sockets (orbits), eyes and surrounding bones.
Tests
PET scan
A positron emission tomography (PET) scan is a type of imaging test. It uses a radioactive substance called a tracer to look for disease in the body. A PET scan shows how organs and tissues are working...
Tests
PET scan for breast cancer
A positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive substance (called a tracer) to look for potential spread of breast cancer. This tracer can help identify areas of cancer...
Tests
Pelvic CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the pelvis is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the area between the hip bones. This part of the body is called the pelvic area...
Tests
Pelvis MRI scan
A pelvis MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses a machine with powerful magnets and radio waves to create pictures of the area between the hip bones. This part of the body is...
Tests
Pelvis x-ray
A pelvis x-ray is a picture of the bones in and around both hips. The pelvis connects the legs to the body. x-ray
Tests
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram
A percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC) is an x-ray of the bile ducts. These are the tubes that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine. x-ray
Tests
Pharmacogenetic testing
Pharmacogenetic testing provides information about your genes and how they control your response to certain medicines. Your genes can affect the desired result of a drug. Your provider can use the information...
Special Topics
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenetics is the study of how genes affect the way medicines work in a person. Your health care provider can use the information from pharmacogenetic testing to prescribe medicines that will work...
Tests
Plethysmography
Plethysmography measures changes in volume in different parts of the body. The test may be done to check for blood clots in the arms and legs. It is also done to measure how much air you can hold in your...
Special Topics
Proton therapy
Proton therapy is a kind of radiation used to treat cancer. Like other types of radiation, proton therapy kills cancer cells and stops them from growing. radiation
Tests
Pulmonary angiography
Pulmonary angiography is a test to see how blood flows through the lung. Angiography is an imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see the insides of the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels...
Tests
RBC nuclear scan
An RBC nuclear scan uses small amounts of radioactive material to mark (tag) red blood cells (RBCs). Your body is then scanned to see the cells and track how they move through the body.
Injury
Radiation sickness
Radiation sickness is illness and symptoms resulting from excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. There are two main types of radiation: nonionizing and ionizing. Nonionizing radiation comes in the form...
Special Topics
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-powered radiation (such as x-rays or gamma rays), particles, or radioactive seeds to kill cancer cells. cancer
Tests
Radionuclide cisternogram
A radionuclide cisternogram is a nuclear scan test. It is used to diagnose problems with the flow of spinal fluid.
Tests
Radionuclide cystogram
A radionuclide cystogram is a special imaging nuclear scan test. It checks how well your bladder and urinary tract work. nuclear scan
Tests
Renal arteriography
Renal arteriography is a special x-ray of the arteries of the kidneys.
Tests
Renal perfusion scintiscan
A renal perfusion scintiscan is a nuclear medicine test. It uses a small amount of a radioactive substance to create an image of the kidneys.
Tests
Renal scan
A renal scan is a nuclear medicine exam in which a small amount of radioactive material (radioisotope) is used to measure the function of the kidneys. nuclear medicine
Tests
Renal venogram
A renal venogram is a test to look at the veins in the kidney. It uses x-rays and a special dye (called contrast). x-rays X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation like light, but of higher energy...
Tests
Retrograde cystography
Retrograde cystography is a detailed x-ray of the bladder. Contrast dye is placed into the bladder through the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the...
Tests
Scrotal ultrasound
Scrotal ultrasound is an imaging test that looks at the scrotum. The scrotum is the flesh-covered sac that hangs between the legs at the base of the penis and contains the testicles. ultrasound The testicles...
Tests
Shoulder CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the shoulder is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create cross-sectional pictures of the shoulder.
Tests
Shoulder MRI scan
A shoulder MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan is an imaging test that uses energy from powerful magnets and to create pictures of the shoulder area. It does not use radiation (x-rays). Single MRI images...
Tests
Sialogram
A sialogram is an x-ray of the salivary ducts and glands. x-ray The salivary glands are located on each side of the head, in the cheeks just in front of the ears, and under the jaw. They release saliva...
Tests
Sinus CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the sinus is an imaging test that uses x-rays to make detailed pictures of the air-filled spaces inside the face (sinuses).
Tests
Sinus MRI scan
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the sinuses creates detailed pictures of the air-filled spaces inside the skull. These spaces are called the sinuses. The test is noninvasive. MRI uses powerful...
Tests
Sinus x-ray
A sinus x-ray is an imaging test to look at the sinuses. These are the air-filled spaces in the front of the skull. x-ray
Tests
Skull x-ray
A skull x-ray is a picture of the bones surrounding the brain, including the facial bones, the nose, and the sinuses. x-ray
Surgery
Stereotactic radiosurgery - CyberKnife
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a form of radiation therapy that focuses high-power energy on a small area of the body. Despite its name, radiosurgery is a treatment, not a surgical procedure. Incisions...
Tests
Thoracic spine CT scan
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the thoracic spine is an imaging method. It uses x-rays to rapidly create detailed pictures of the middle back (thoracic spine).
Tests
Thoracic spine x-ray
A thoracic spine x-ray is an x-ray of the 12 chest (thoracic) bones (vertebrae) of the spine. The vertebrae are separated by flat pads of cartilage called disks that provide a cushion between the bones...
Tests
Thyroid scan
A thyroid scan uses a radioactive iodine tracer to examine the structure and function of the thyroid gland. This test is often done together with a radioactive iodine uptake test. radioactive iodine uptake...
Tests
Thyroid ultrasound
A thyroid ultrasound is an imaging method to see the thyroid, a gland in the neck that regulates metabolism (the many processes that control the rate of activity in cells and tissues). metabolism
Tests
Transvaginal ultrasound
Transvaginal ultrasound is a test used to look at a woman's uterus, ovaries, tubes, cervix, and pelvic area. cervix Transvaginal means across or through the vagina. The ultrasound probe will be placed inside...
Tests
Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to make images of organs and structures inside the body.
Tests
Ultrasound pregnancy
A pregnancy ultrasound is an imaging test that uses sound waves to create a picture of how a baby is developing in the womb (uterus). It is also used to check the female pelvic organs during pregnancy.
Tests
Upper GI and small bowel series
An upper GI and small bowel series is a set of x-rays taken to examine the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. x-rays Barium enema is a related test that examines the large intestine.
Barium enema
Surgery
Uterine artery embolization
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a procedure to treat fibroids without surgery. Uterine fibroids are noncancerous (benign) tumors that develop in the uterus (womb). fibroids During the procedure, the...
Discharge Instructions
Uterine artery embolization - discharge
Uterine fibroid embolization - discharge; UFE - discharge; UAE - discharge
Tests
Venogram
A venogram is a way to look at veins in your body. It uses x-rays and a radiographic contrast material. It is most often used to look at veins in the legs and belly area (abdomen). x-rays Veins are not...
Tests
Venogram - leg
Venography for legs is a test used to see the veins in the leg. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, like visible light is. However, these rays are of higher energy. Therefore, they can go through...
Tests
Virtual colonoscopy
Virtual colonoscopy (VC) is an imaging or x-ray test that looks for cancer, polyps, or other disease in the large intestine (colon). The medical name of this test is CT colonography. polyps
Tests
Voiding cystourethrogram
A voiding cystourethrogram is an x-ray study of the bladder and urethra. It is done while the bladder is emptying. x-ray
Tests
X-ray
X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation, just like visible light. An x-ray machine sends individual x-ray waves through the body. The images are recorded on a computer or film. Structures that are...
Tests
X-ray - skeleton
A skeletal x-ray is an imaging test used to look at your bones. It is used to detect fractures, tumors, or conditions that cause wearing away (degeneration) of the bone. x-ray fractures